Evaluation of Alcohol Markers in Urine and Oral Fluid after Regular and Hard Kombucha Consumption.

Although kombucha is a popular fermented beverage, the presence of alcohol markers has not been well studied despite being potential indicators of unintentional impairment. Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) were measured in oral fluid and urine collected after consumption of regular or hard kombucha. Participants drank within 20 min and provided all urine voids for 12 h, the first urine voids on days 2 and 3 and oral fluid specimens at fixed time points for 48 h.

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Lacosamide by LC-MS/MS.

High-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has become a primary analytical methodology in therapeutic drug monitoring of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). To demonstrate the utility of LC-MS/MS in measuring drug concentrations in serum or plasma, analysis of lacosamide (Vimpat) is discussed in this chapter. Lacosamide is an example of the newer-generation AEDs.

Diazepam autoinjector intramuscular delivery system versus diazepam rectal gel: A pharmacokinetic comparison.

Rectal administration of diazepam (DZ) has been used effectively in patients with epilepsy who experience acute repetitive seizures, but rectal gel may be difficult to administer during a seizure and is subject to variable drug absorption. An intramuscular (IM) autoinjector DZ formulation may offer a practical alternative to rectal DZ. This single-center, open-label, 3-treatment, 3-period crossover study compared the pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of 10mg DZ administered rectally in 24 healthy, fasted and fed subjects versus IM autoinjector delivery in fasted subjects.

A rapid and simple chemiluminescence method for screening levels of inosine and hypoxanthine in non-traumatic chest pain patients.

A rapid and simple chemiluminescence method was developed for detection of inosine and hypoxanthine in human plasma. The method utilized a microplate luminometer with direct injectors to automatically dispense reagents during sample analysis. Enzymatic conversions of inosine to hypoxanthine, followed by hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid, generated superoxide anion radicals as a useful metabolic by-product.