Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction in Premenopausal Mutation Carriers: A Potential Mechanism for Ovarian Carcinogenesis.

Background: Tissue-specificity for fimbrial fallopian tube ovarian carcinogenesis remains largely unknown in mutation carriers. We aimed to assess the cell autonomous and cell-nonautonomous implications of a germline mutation in the context of cancer immunosurveillance of CD3 CD56 natural killer (NK) cells.

Methods: Premenopausal mutation carriers versus age-matched non-carriers were compared.

Neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2: A Pathological Examination of Neurosurgical Specimens.

Background And Objectives: Neurological manifestations may occur in more than 80% of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection, including severe disruptions of the central nervous system (CNS), such as strokes, encephalitis, or seizures. Although the primary pathophysiological mechanism for the effects of COVID-19 in CNS remains unknown, evidence exists for both direct injury from neuroinvasion and indirect effects from disruptions in systemic inflammatory and coagulation pathways. In this study, we analyzed CNS tissue from living patients to better understand these processes.

GRP78 Inhibitor YUM70 Suppresses SARS-CoV-2 Viral Entry, Spike Protein Production and Ameliorates Lung Damage.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, has given rise to many new variants with increased transmissibility and the ability to evade vaccine protection. The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is a major endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone that has been recently implicated as an essential host factor for SARS-CoV-2 entry and infection. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of YUM70, a small molecule inhibitor of GRP78, to block SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and infection in vitro and in vivo.

Embryological Insights into the Origin of Epithelial Cancers of the Female Reproductive Tract.

The embryology of the female reproductive organs is reviewed focusing on aspects relevant to the histogenesis of reproductive neoplasms. The evidence reviewed suggests that (1) there is no embryological link between the ovarian surface epithelium and the coelomic epithelium; (2) the ovarian surface epithelium is not composed of pluripotent cells that readily differentiate into various components of the reproductive tract before or after birth; (3) there is no embryological link between the ovarian surface epithelium and the Müllerian ducts, from which internal female reproductive organs other than the ovaries, including the endocervix, endometrium, and fallopian tubes, are derived; and (4) there is an embryological link between the Müllerian ducts and the renal collecting system, perhaps accounting for clear cell differentiation in some gynecological malignancies. Implications for our understanding of the origin of the tumors historically classified as ovarian epithelial neoplasms are discussed.