The effect of different immobilization approaches on red-eared sliders.

The ethical issues surrounding sacrifice methods in animal experimentation have garnered increasing attention, making immobilization and sedation an integral part of the sacrifice process for experimental animals. Currently, internationally recognized general sacrifice methods for commonly used laboratory animals have been established, but there remains significant controversy over the sacrifice methods for turtles. To explore the effectiveness of various immobilization methods and their impact on stress-related indicators in turtles, this study used red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) as subjects.

Mechanisms of Low MHC I Expression and Strategies for Targeting MHC I with Small Molecules in Cancer Immunotherapy.

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I load antigens and present them on the cell surface, which transduces the tumor-associated antigens to CD8 T cells, activating the acquired immune system. However, many tumors downregulate MHC I expression to evade immune surveillance. The low expression of MHC I not only reduce recognition by- and cytotoxicity of CD8 T cells, but also seriously weakens the anti-tumor effect of immunotherapy by restoring CD8 T cells, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Early effects of α7nAChR regulation on maxillary expansion in mice : A study on osteogenesis and inflammatory factors.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate early effects of regulating alpha‑7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) agonists and antagonists on maxillary expansion in mice.

Methods: We allocated 36 six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice into three group: 1) expansion alone, 2) expansion plus the α7nAChR-specific agonist 3‑(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-anabaseine dihydrochloride (GTS-21), and 3) expansion plus alpha-bungarotoxin (α-BTX), a competitive antagonist of α7nAChR. The groups were daily injected with saline, GTS-21 (4 mg/kg/day) or α‑BTX (1 mg/kg/day), respectively, from days 0-7.

Causal Associations Between Sleep Traits and Delirium: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

Purpose: Numerous studies have identified a correlation between sleep and delirium; however, the causal relationship remains ambiguous. This bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to examine the possible causal relationships between sleep traits and delirium.

Patients And Methods: Utilizing genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we identified ten sleep traits: chronotype, sleep duration, short sleep duration, long sleep duration, daytime napping, daytime sleepiness, insomnia, number of sleep episodes (NSE), sleep efficiency, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD).

Lens injury in setting of Zone I and II open globe injuries.

Purpose: To characterize visual outcomes in Zone I and II open globe injuries with lens involvement.

Setting: Level 1 Trauma Center Hospital, Seattle WA.

Design: Retrospective case series.