Fabrication of 3D Bioprinted Bi-Phasic Scaffold for Bone-Cartilage Interface Regeneration.

Treatments for osteochondral defects (OCDs) are mainly palliative and, with the increase in this pathology seen among both young and elderly people, an alternative treatment modality is sought. Many tissue-engineered strategies have been explored for regenerating the cartilage-bone interface; however, they generally fall short of being ideal. Although cell-laden hydrogel scaffolds are a common approach for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration, they usually lack homogenous cell dispersion and patient specificity.

Dual Network Composites of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Calcium Metaphosphate/Alginate with Osteogenic Ions for Bone Tissue Engineering in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

Despite considerable advances in biomaterials-based bone tissue engineering technologies, autografts remain the gold standard for rehabilitating critical-sized bone defects in the oral and maxillofacial (OMF) region. A majority of advanced synthetic bone substitutes (SBS's) have not transcended the pre-clinical stage due to inferior clinical performance and translational barriers, which include low scalability, high cost, regulatory restrictions, limited advanced facilities and human resources. The aim of this study is to develop clinically viable alternatives to address the challenges of bone tissue regeneration in the OMF region by developing 'dual network composites' (DNC's) of calcium metaphosphate (CMP)-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/alginate with osteogenic ions: calcium, zinc and strontium.

Structural changes and biological responsiveness of an injectable and mouldable monetite bone graft generated by a facile synthetic method.

Brushite (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate) and monetite (dicalcium phosphate anhydrous) are of considerable interest in bone augmentation owing to their metastable nature in physiological fluids. The anhydrous form of brushite, namely monetite, has a finer microstructure with higher surface area, strength and bioresorbability, which does not transform to the poorly resorbable hydroxyapatite, thus making it a viable alternative for use as a scaffold for engineering of bone tissue. We recently reported the formation of monetite cements by a simple processing route without the need of hydrothermal treatment by using a high concentration of sodium chloride in the reaction mix of β-tricalcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate.

In vitro proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells on hydroxyapatite versus human demineralised bone matrix with and without osteogenic protein-1.

Background: Allografting is currently used in lower limb reconstruction surgery. Demineralised bone matrix (DBM) is more osteoinductive compared with allografts but lacks mechanical strength. Osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) can improve the osteoinductivity of the allograft, however recent reports indicate significant allograft resorption when it is combined with OP-1.