Analysis of hydrogen peroxide production in pure water: Ultrahigh versus conventional dose-rate irradiation and mechanistic insights.

Background: Ultrahigh dose-rate radiation (UHDR) produces less hydrogen peroxide (HO) in pure water, as suggested by some experimental studies, and is used as an argument for the validity of the theory that FLASH spares the normal tissue due to less reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In contrast, most Monte Carlo simulation studies suggest the opposite.

Purpose: We aim to unveil the effect of UHDR on HO production in pure water and its underlying mechanism, to serve as a benchmark for Monte Carlo simulation.

Comparison of two methods simulating inter-track interactions using the radiobiological Monte Carlo toolkit TOPAS-nBio.

To compare two independently developed methods that enable modelling inter-track interactions in TOPAS-nBio by examining the yield of radiolytic species in radiobiological Monte Carlo track structure simulations. One method uses a phase space file to assign more than one primary to one event, allowing for inter-track interaction between these primary particles. This method has previously been developed by this working group and published earlier.

The influence of different versions of FLUKA and GEANT4 on the calculation of response functions of ionization chambers in clinical proton beams.

To investigate the influence of different versions of the Monte Carlo codesgeant4 andflukaon the calculation of overall response functionsof air-filled ionization chambers in clinical proton beams.factors were calculated for six plane-parallel and four cylindrical ionization chambers withgeant4 andfluka. These factors were compared to already published values that were derived using older versions of these codes.

Osteological, multi-isotope and proteomic analysis of poorly-preserved human remains from a Dutch East India Company burial ground in South Africa.

Skeletal remains discovered in Simon's Town, South Africa, were hypothesised as being associated with a former Dutch East India Company (VOC) hospital. We report a novel combined osteological and biochemical approach to these poorly-preserved remains. A combined strontium (Sr/Sr), oxygen (δO) and carbon (δC) isotope analysis informed possible childhood origins and diet, while sex-specific amelogenin enamel peptides revealed biological sex.

A method to implement inter-track interactions in Monte Carlo simulations with TOPAS-nBio and their influence on simulated radical yields following water radiolysis.

In FLASH radiotherapy (dose rates ≥40 Gy s), a reduced normal tissue toxicity has been observed, while maintaining the same tumor control compared to conventional radiotherapy (dose rates ≤0.03 Gy s). This protecting effect could not be fully explained yet.