No effects of high- . low-protein breakfast on body composition and cardiometabolic health in young women with overweight: the NewStart randomised trial.

The aim of this randomised controlled trial was to investigate the effects of breakfast high or low in protein on body composition and cardiometabolic markers in young women with overweight. In total, fifty-six women aged 18-30 years consumed a breakfast containing either high protein (34 g protein, 26) or low protein (6 g protein, 30) for 12 weeks. Measurements of body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, waist circumference, glucose tolerance, fasting glucose, insulin and lipid profile were performed before and after this period.

Isolation and Analysis of Mitochondrial Small RNAs from Rat Liver Tissue and HepG2 Cells.

The presence of non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), in mitochondria has been reported by several studies. The biological roles and functions of these mitochondrial miRNAs ("mitomiRs") have not been sufficiently characterized, but the mitochondrial localization of miRNAs has recently gained significance due to modified mitomiR-populations in certain states of diseases. Here, we describe the isolation and analysis of mitochondrial RNAs from rat liver tissue and HepG2 cells.

Sulfation pathways in the maintenance of functional beta-cell mass and implications for diabetes.

Diabetes Type 1 and Type 2 are widely occurring diseases. In spite of a vast amount of biomedical literature about diabetic processes in general, links to certain biological processes are only becoming evident these days. One such area of biology is the sulfation of small molecules, such as steroid hormones or metabolites from the gastrointestinal tract, as well as larger biomolecules, such as proteins and proteoglycans.

MCM proteins are up-regulated in placentas of women with reduced insulin sensitivity.

In the first trimester of pregnancy the human placenta grows rapidly, making it sensitive to changes in the intrauterine environment. To test whether exposure to an environment in utero often associated with obesity modifies placental proteome and function, we performed untargeted proteomics (LC-MS/MS) in placentas from 19 women (gestational age 35-48 days, i.e.

Guidelines for mitochondrial RNA analysis.

Mitochondria are the energy-producing organelles of mammalian cells with critical involvement in metabolism and signaling. Studying their regulation in pathological conditions may lead to the discovery of novel drugs to treat, for instance, cardiovascular or neurological diseases, which affect high-energy-consuming cells such as cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, or neurons. Mitochondria possess both protein-coding and noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs, and piwi-interacting RNAs, encoded by the mitochondria or the nuclear genome.