Stochastic modelling of urban structure.

The building of mathematical and computer models of cities has a long history. The core elements are models of flows (spatial interaction) and the dynamics of structural evolution. In this article, we develop a stochastic model of urban structure to formally account for uncertainty arising from less predictable events.

The perception of physical fitness as a guide to its evaluation in firemen.

There is increasing interest in the acquisition and measurement of physical fitness in general populations (Bassey and Fentem 1981). Measuring fitness can be uncomfortable and exhausting for subjects and expensive and time-consuming for experimenters (Andersen et al. 1971).

Initial training as a stimulus for optimal physical fitness in firemen.

In this investigation the physical fitness of 34 recruits to the UK Fire Service was assessed before and after their initial training (tests 1-2) and on three occasions (tests 3-5) during the first 18 months of their service (n = 34 + 6 = 40). The initial training (test 2-test 1) resulted in an increase in maximum aerobic power (11% p < 0.05), body mass (2 kg, p < 0.