The Klinefelter syndrome is associated with high recurrence of copy number variations on the X chromosome with a potential role in the clinical phenotype.

The Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most frequent sex chromosomal disorder in males, characterized by at least one supernumerary X chromosome (most frequent karyotype 47,XXY). This syndrome presents with a broad range of phenotypes. The common characteristics include small testes and infertility, but KS subjects are at increased risk of hypogonadism, cognitive dysfunction, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and autoimmune disorders, which are present in variable proportion.

When Feeding Difficulties Are due to Genetics: The Case of Familial Partial 9q Duplication.

Chromosomal abnormalities may cause growth failure before or since birth. 9q duplication is reported as a cause of intrauterine growth restriction, mild dysmporphism, and intellectual disabilities. We report a case of a maternally inherited 9q21.

Clinical and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterisation of Children with Developmental Delay and Dysmorphic Features.

Introduction: Developmental delay and dysmorphic features affect 1 - 3 % of paediatric population. In the last few years molecular cytogenetic high resolution techniques (comparative genomic hybridization arrays and single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays) have been proven to be a first-tier choice for clinical diagnostics of developmental delay and dysmorphic features.

Methods And Results: In the present article we describe the clinical advantages of molecular cytogenetic approach (comparative genomic hybridization arrays and single nucleotide polymorphism arrays) in the diagnostic procedure of two children with developmental delay, dysmorphic features and additional morphological phenotypes.

Phylloid pattern of hypomelanosis closely related to chromosomal abnormalities in the 13q detected by SNP array analysis.

Phylloid hypomelanosis is a distinct type of pigmentary mosaicism characterized by congenital hypochromic macules resembling a floral ornament with various elements such as round or oval patches, asymmetrical macules similar to begonia leaves, or oblong lesions. It has been found to be predominantly associated with abnormalities in chromosome 13 and sometimes as-sociated with different extracutaneous abnormalities. Here, we report 2 new cases of phylloid hypomelanosis due to mosaicism involving chromosome 13.