Intraoperative Neurological Monitoring With Evoked Potentials During Carotid Endarterectomy Versus Cooperative Patients Under General Anesthesia Technique: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction: The best technique to evaluate contralateral carotid flow during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is still debated; an accurate detection of efficient contralateral blood flow can avoid unnecessary shunt placement and its complications. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of general anesthesia with motor-evoked potential and somatosensory-evoked potentials (mSSEP and tcMEP) versus cooperative patients under general anesthesia (CPGA) technique for CEA. Primary outcome was the rate of technical failure.

Intraoperative monitoring of carotid endarterectomy by transcranial motor evoked potential: a multicenter study of 600 patients.

Objective: This study was to investigate the utility of motor evoked potential monitoring elicited by transcranial electrical stimulation (tcMEP) during CEA in addition to the established median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (mSSEPs).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from 600 patients undergoing CEA under general anesthesia with monitoring of mSSEPs and tcMEPs in a multicenter study. MSSEP and tcMEP parameters were recorded during internal carotid artery (ICA) cross clamping and compared with the postoperative motor outcome, demographic and patient history data.

Prolonged practice is of scarce benefit in improving motor performance in Parkinson's disease.

Many studies have addressed practice effects in motor sequences in Parkinson's disease (PD). Most studied short-term practice and showed that treated patients with mild-to-moderate disease achieve normal or slightly abnormal improvement. Less attention has focused on practice effects after prolonged training (days), and the results are inconclusive.