Expiratory Pause Maneuver to Assess Inspiratory Muscle Pressure During Assisted Mechanical Ventilation: A Bench Study.

Background: The generation of excessive inspiratory muscle pressure (P) during assisted mechanical ventilation in patients with respiratory failure may result in acute respiratory muscle injury and/or fatigue, and exacerbate ventilator-induced lung injury. A readily available noninvasive surrogate measure of P may help in titrating both mechanical ventilation and sedation to minimize these risks. This bench study explored the feasibility and accuracy of using a ventilator's expiratory pause hold function to measure P across multiple operators.

Association of calcium intake and adiposity in postmenopausal women.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between calcium intake and 1) body composition and 2) body fat distribution in postmenopausal women.

Methods: Archived data from a previous study including forty-nine Caucasian women, aged 51-73 and at least three years postmenopausal, were used for analysis. Data included medical and diet history from a questionnaire, average nutrient intake from computerized analysis of a 3-day diet record, anthropometric measures including height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR).

Pharmacokinetic interaction between ritonavir and indinavir in healthy volunteers.

The pharmacokinetic interaction between indinavir and ritonavir was evaluated in five groups of healthy adult volunteers to explore the potential for twice-daily (b.i.d.

Pharmacokinetic interactions between two human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors, ritonavir and saquinavir.

Objective: To assess the pharmacokinetic interaction between ritonavir and saquinavir.

Methods: Ritonavir and saquinavir were administered in single doses to six groups of healthy volunteers in a two-way (saquinavir alone and ritonavir plus saquinavir for groups I through V) and a three-way (ritonavir alone, saquinavir alone, and ritonavir plus saquinavir for group VI) crossover manner with the following doses: group I, 200 mg saquinavir and 300 mg ritonavir; group II, 200 mg saquinavir and 600 mg ritonavir; group III, 400 mg saquinavir and 300 mg ritonavir; group IV, 400 mg saquinavir and 600 mg ritonavir; group V; 600 mg saquinavir and 200 mg ritonavir; group VI, 600 mg saquinavir and 600 mg ritonavir.

Results: Coadministration of ritonavir markedly increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and peak concentration of saquinavir (> 50-fold and 22-fold, respectively).

Patterns of family instability and crime: The association of timing of the family's disruption with subsequent adolescent and young adult criminality.

This study provides a longitudinal view of selected correlates of family disruption and suggests how they may contribute to adolescent and young adult criminal behavior. Data from a sample of 410 males, ages 19-21, who took part in an 18-year follow-up study of a Danish Prospective Perinatal Cohort, were used. Paternal crime, descriptions of the families'patterns of stability, and socioeconomic status changes over the life of the offspring were examined to determine their association with official records of adolescent and young adult crime.