Outcome of Neonatal Hydronephrosis, a New Cut-Off to Identify Patients with Spontaneous Resolution.

Background/objectives: The anteroposterior renal pelvis diameter (APRPD) is used to assess the grade of urinary tract dilatation (UTD). There is no univocal method stratifying the risk of complications related to postnatal UTD. This study aims to identify APRPD cut-offs at birth to determine outcome stratification and second-level exams.

Intranasal human-recombinant nerve growth factor administration improves cognitive functions in a child with severe traumatic brain injury.

Background: Behavioral and neuropsychological functions are frequent long-term sequelae of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neuropeptides, such as nerve growth factor (NGF), can enhance neurogenesis and improve cognitive functions after TBI, playing a pivotal role in neuroplasticity. A limited number of studies documented the safety and efficacy of intranasal NGF administration in children with severe TBI.

Multifaceted Roles of Nerve Growth Factor: A Comprehensive Review with a Special Insight into Pediatric Perspectives.

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic peptide largely revealed for its ability to regulate the growth and survival of peripheral sensory, sympathetic, and central cholinergic neurons. The pro-survival and regenerative properties of neurotrophic factors propose a therapeutic potential in a wide range of brain diseases, and NGF, in particular, has appeared as an encouraging potential treatment. In this review, a summary of clinical studies regarding NGF and its therapeutic effects published to date, with a specific interest in the pediatric context, will be attempted.

Presepsin Levels in Pediatric Patients with Fever and Suspected Sepsis: A Pilot Study in an Emergency Department.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that affects 1.2 million children annually. Although there are several criteria for diagnosing this condition, signs are often nonspecific, and identifying sepsis is challenging.

Bone Disorders in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease: A Literature Review.

Intense changes in mineral and bone metabolism are frequent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and represent an important cause of morbidity and reduced quality of life. These disorders have conventionally been defined as renal osteodystrophy and classified based on bone biopsy, but due to a lack of bone biopsy data and validated radiological methods to evaluate bone morphology in children, it has been challenging to effectively assess renal osteodystrophy in pediatric CKD; the consequence has been the suboptimal management of bone disorders in children. CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a new expression used to describe a systemic disorder of mineral and bone metabolism as a result of CKD.