Behind Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Hesitancy of Filipino Nurses: A Thematic Approach.

The study aimed to explore the reasons for nurses' coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine hesitancy in the Philippines. This study used descriptive, phenomenological qualitative research. The data were collected from 13 Filipino nurses using an unstructured interview questionnaire from June 2021 to October 2021.

A cyclophosphamide/DNA phosphoester adduct formed in vitro and in vivo.

The antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide is thought to be due to the alkylating activity of phosphoramide mustard, a metabolite of cyclophosphamide. Reaction of 2'-deoxyguanosine 3'-monophosphate and phosphoramide mustard resulted in the formation of several adducts that could be detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). One of these adducts, isolated and purified by HPLC, could be detected by 32P postlabeling.

32P-postlabeling analysis of binding of the cyclophosphamide metabolite, acrolein, to DNA.

The cyclophosphamide metabolite, acrolein, was reacted with 2'-deoxyguanosine-3'-monophosphate, and two adducts were detected by high performance liquid chromatography and 32P-postlabeling assay. These adducts were resistant to dephosphorylation by nuclease P1 and could be isolated and detected from calf thymus DNA that had been reacted in vitro with acrolein. A combination of HPLC purification and enzymatic digestion of normal nucleotides by nuclease P1 allowed for the detection of these adducts in hepatic DNA from mice treated with cyclophosphamide.

Formation of a phosphoramide mustard-nucleotide adduct that is not by alkylation at the N7 position of guanine.

The reaction of 2'-deoxyguanosine 3'-monophosphate with phosphoramide mustard resulted in the formation of several adducts. One of these adducts was formed by linking phosphoramide mustard to the phosphate group of 2'-deoxyguanosine 3'-monophosphate rather than by the generally accepted mechanism involving alkylation at the N7 position of guanine. This adduct served as an acceptor for the transfer of 32p from [gamma 32P]ATP by polynucleotide kinase and thus could be detected by the sensitive 32p-postlabeling assay.

Aflatoxin B1-4-hydroxylase is associated with cytochrome P3-450 in C57BL/6 mouse liver.

Messenger RNA from the livers of Aroclor 1254 treated mice was used to produce a cDNA library. cDNA clones corresponding to cytochromes P1-450 and P3-450 were isolated from this library by screening with a probe for the rat cytochrome P-450c gene. Specific non-cross hybridizing probes for P1-450 and P3-450 were prepared from unique restriction fragments.