Low pH Means More Female Offspring: A Multigenerational Plasticity in the Sex Ratio of Marine Bivalves.

Global changes can profoundly affect the sex determination and reproductive output of marine organisms, disrupting the population structure and ecosystems. High COdriven low pH in the context of ocean acidification (OA) has been shown to severely affect various calcifiers, but less is known about the extent to which low pH influences sex determination and reproduction of marine organisms, particularly mollusks. This study is the first to report a biased sex ratio over multiple generations toward females, driven by exposure to high CO-induced low pH environments, using the ecologically and economically important Portuguese oyster () as a model.

Structure of the bacteriophage 80α neck shows the interactions between DNA, tail completion protein and tape measure protein.

Tailed bacteriophages with double-stranded DNA genomes (class ) play an important role in the evolution of bacterial pathogenicity, both as carriers of genes encoding virulence factors and as the main means of horizontal transfer of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in many bacteria, such as . The pathogenicity islands (SaPIs), including SaPI1, are a type of MGEs are that carry a variable complement of genes encoding virulence factors. SaPI1 is mobilized at high frequency by "helper" bacteriophages, such as 80α, leading to packaging of the SaPI1 genome into virions made from structural proteins supplied by the helper.

AI-powered fraud and the erosion of online survey integrity: an analysis of 31 fraud detection strategies.

The proliferation of AI-powered bots and sophisticated fraudsters poses a significant threat to the integrity of scientific studies reliant on online surveys across diverse disciplines, including health, social, environmental and political sciences. We found a substantial decline in usable responses from online surveys from 75 to 10% in recent years due to survey fraud. Monetary incentives attract sophisticated fraudsters capable of mimicking genuine open-ended responses and verifying information submitted months prior, showcasing the advanced capabilities of online survey fraud today.

Delphi Study on the Contextualization of Recommendations for Promoting Healthy Eating in Urban Settings of Latin America and the Caribbean.

International public health agencies recommend policies to improve diets and promote healthy eating, but implementation often falters due to varying contextual factors across regions. This study evaluates the relevance and applicability of these policies in urban areas of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Using the Delphi technique, we convened a panel of 21 experts from 13 LAC countries, representing public policy, research, social action, and healthcare.

Stretch & exercise education improves pain levels in under-resourced collegiate club lacrosse players.

Purpose: Club sports are competitive, intercollegiate athletics that are not affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Club athletes may be at increased risk of injury compared to their NCAA counterparts due to limited resources, such as reduced access to strength and conditioning coaches and athletic trainers. Research has shown that injury-prevention education, as typically provided by coaches and trainers, can reduce injury rates and promote athlete compliance with safety practices.