Creation and Evaluation of a Cesarean Section Simulator Training Program for Novice Obstetric Surgeons.

Background: We evaluated a novel simulation-based cesarean section training program to teach critical techniques for cesarean section and hemorrhage management.  Methods: This was a prospective educational intervention. After Institutional Review Board approval, we recruited Obstetrics and Gynecology, Family Medicine, and General Surgery residents at three hospitals.

Choroidal Congestion after Trabeculectomy.

The aim of this study is to report a case of choroidal congestion after trabeculectomy. This is a retrospective case report. An 85-year-old male with advanced open-angle glaucoma underwent trabeculectomy in both eyes and during follow-up he complained of visual impairment in the right eye.

Flutamide-induced hepatotoxicity: ethical and scientific issues.

Objective: Flutamide (FLU) is a non-steroidal antiandrogen drug approved for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. While this indication limits the use to male patients, FLU is widely prescribed to women, off-label, for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (POCS) related hirsutism and acne. According to the literature, its assumption is associated with a higher incidence of adverse events in women than in male patients.

ALK rearrangement in specific subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma: immunophenotypic and morphological features.

Lung adenocarcinomas are characterized by a variety of genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to activation of specific signaling pathways. This allowed the classification of lung adenocarcinomas according to genetic alterations and the clinical development of novel anticancer agents that affect the activity of specific oncoproteins. In such a context, chromosomal rearrangements that cause constitutive activation of ALK gene define a category of lung adenocarcinomas that is amenable to targeted therapy with ALK inhibitors.

Is Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Always Able to Detect the Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Action on Neovascular Membrane?

Purpose: To show the presence of an active neovascular membrane in age-related macular degeneration even if optical coherence tomography (OCT) does not detect intra- or subretinal edema.

Methods: This is a retrospective case report. During the follow-up after the intravitreal injection, 3 patients showed no intraretinal or subretinal edema by OCT; however, there was a progressive reduction in their visual acuity; thus, a fluorangiography (FA) examination was performed.