Grating-based x-ray dark-field mammography: Assessing complementary imaging information in simple cystic lesions and typical fibroadenoma.

Background: A significant proportion of false positive recalls of mammography-screened women is due to benign breast cysts and simple fibroadenomas. These lesions appear mammographically as smooth-shaped dense masses and require the recalling of women for a breast ultrasound to obtain complementary imaging information. They can be identified safely by ultrasound with no need for further assessment or treatment.

Comparison of volumetric and areal bone mineral density in CT and scout scans using spectral detector technology.

Background: To determine whether denoised areal bone mineral density (BMD) measurements from scout scans in spectral detector computed tomography (CT) correlate with volumetric trabecular BMD for opportunistic osteoporosis screening.

Methods: A 64-slice single-source dual-layer spectral CT scanner was used to acquire scout scan data of 228 lumbar vertebral bodies within 57 patients. Scout scans in anterior-posterior (AP) view were performed with a dose of < 0.

Quantitative differentiation of minimal-fat angiomyolipomas from renal cell carcinomas using grating-based x-ray phase-contrast computed tomography: An ex vivo study.

Background: The differentiation of minimal-fat-or low-fat-angiomyolipomas from other renal lesions is clinically challenging in conventional computed tomography. In this work, we have assessed the potential of grating-based x-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (GBPC-CT) for visualization and quantitative differentiation of minimal-fat angiomyolipomas (mfAMLs) and oncocytomas from renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) on ex vivo renal samples.

Materials And Methods: Laboratory GBPC-CT was performed at 40 kVp on 28 ex vivo kidney specimens including five angiomyolipomas with three minimal-fat (mfAMLs) and two high-fat (hfAMLs) subtypes as well as three oncocytomas and 20 RCCs with eight clear cell (ccRCCs), seven papillary (pRCCs) and five chromophobe RCC (chrRCC) subtypes.

Absolute iodine concentration for dynamic perfusion imaging of the myocardium: improved detection of poststenotic ischaemic in a 3D-printed dynamic heart phantom.

Background: To investigate the detection capabilities of myocardial perfusion defects of dual-energy computed tomography (CT) technology using time-resolved iodine-based maps for functional assessment of coronary stenosis in a dynamic heart phantom.

Methods: An anatomical heart model was designed using a three-dimensional (3D) printing technique. The lumen of the right coronary artery was reduced to 25% of the original areal cross-section.

Five material tissue decomposition by dual energy computed tomography.

The separation of mixtures of substances into their individual components plays an important role in many areas of science. In medical imaging, one method is the established analysis using dual-energy computed tomography. However, when analyzing mixtures consisting of more than three individual basis materials, a physical limit is reached that no longer allows this standard analysis.