Regulatory T Cell Phenotype Related to Cytokine Expression Patterns in Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Background: Post-coronavirus disease 19 lung fibrosis (PCLF) shares common immunological abnormalities with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), characterized by an unbalanced cytokine profile being associated with the development of lung fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to analyze and compare the different subsets of CD4- and CD8-T cells, along with specific cytokine expression patterns, in peripheral blood (PB) from patients affected by PCLF and IPF and healthy controls (HCs).

Methods: One-hundred patients followed at the Rare Lung Disease Center of Siena University Hospital were enrolled.

Benralizumab: from tissue distribution to eosinophilic cytotoxicity up to potential immunoregulation.

Introduction: Benralizumab, a monoclonal IgG antibody, has emerged as a key therapeutic agent in severe asthma by specifically targeting eosinophils, pivotal cells that drive inflammation and tissue damage. Over the past two decades, the availability of such targeted therapies has allowed patients to achieve better disease control. Real-world evidence has consistently demonstrated the effectiveness of benralizumab in managing severe asthma.

Online survey on existing sarcoidosis registries and biobanks: an ERN lung initiative.

The present survey, promoted by the European Reference Network on rare respiratory diseases (ERN-Lung, Core Networks Sarcoidosis and ILD), aims to assess the existing sarcoidosis registries and biobanks across Europe and to compare the various types of biospecimen collected, the different procedures performed, and the sample storage conditions applied. This survey was initiated by the European Reference Network on rare respiratory diseases (ERN-Lung) Core Network "Sarcoidosis" in April 2023. The survey was launched by ERN-Lung Core Network "Sarcoidosis" in August 2023 and remained active until end of February 2024.

Efficacy and safety of a step-down regimen of low dosage of glucocorticoids combined with early administration of synthetic or biologic immunosuppressants in anti-synthetase syndrome: A pilot study.

Introduction: Anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of anti-aminoacyl-transfer-RNA synthetase antibodies (ARS) and the involvement of muscles, skin, joints, and lungs. Despite increasing interest and evidence, optimal clinical management remains unclear due to a lack of randomized control trials. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a treatment regimen involving early co-administration of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, with rapid prednisone tapering.