Two-step LASIK with topography-guided ablation to correct astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy, predictability, stability, and safety of a two-step LASIK procedure using topography-guided ablation to correct astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty.

Methods: Fifteen eyes of 15 patients underwent a two-step LASIK procedure at the Maggiore Hospital of Bologna, Italy. In the first step, a flap was created using the Hansatome microkeratome.

REM sleep behaviour disorder in Parkinson's disease: a questionnaire-based study.

The aim of the study was to determine the clinical frequency and features of REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) in a large population of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients using defined diagnostic criteria both for RBD and PD. Six trained neurologists used a semistructured questionnaire based on ICSD-R diagnostic criteria for RBD to evaluate 200 PD patients and their caregivers. Interobserver reliability for the diagnosis of RBD was "substantial" (Kappa 0.

Risk of seizures while awake in pure sleep epilepsies: a prospective study.

Objective: To estimate the risk of seizures while awake in pure sleep epilepsies in a prospective study.

Methods: From October 1, 1992, to October 31, 1996, all patients with pure sleep epilepsy presenting at a participating center were enrolled. Children with benign rolandic epilepsy and patients with frontal lobe epilepsy were excluded.

ICSD diagnostic criteria for narcolepsy: interobserver reliability. Intemational Classification of Sleep Disorders.

Study Objectives: To estimate the reliability of the diagnosis of narcolepsy after clinical interview and polysomnographic evaluation among sleep medicine doctors, before and after training in application of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD).

Setting: Videotaped semi-structured interviews of 10 patients complaining of daytime sleepiness of different etiologies. Questions referred to ICSD criteria for narcolepsy.

Validation of symptoms related to excessive daytime sleepiness.

The aim of this study was to validate some recurring definitions of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) obtained from descriptive epidemiological studies. We devised questions concerning concepts such as "tiredness", "resistible sleepiness", "irresistible sleepiness" and "sudden sleep attacks". The validation was done by comparing the answers with the results of the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), considered the gold standard, or criterion measure, for the diagnosis of EDS.