Public Health.

Background: Studies comprising cohorts of cognitively unimpaired older adults or with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) that assesses clinical and biological characteristics to conversion to dementia are scarce in Brazil.

Method: To determine the median conversion time to dementia in a cohort of Brazilian older adults with low educational levels. In the cohort, participants undergo an annual comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological evaluation, complemented by neuroimaging and laboratory assessments to determine the diagnosis.

Biomarkers.

Background: Inflammation plays a key role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Interleukin 8 (CXCL8) has emerged as an important cytokine involved in neuroinflammation. It is known as an inflammatory factor that induces a chemotactic response to sites of injury, involving the infiltration of neutrophils.

Drug Development.

Background: Acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter critical for cognitive functions, including attention, memory, and sociability, is essential for maintaining synaptic integrity. Deficits in acetylcholine levels are linked to cognitive impairments. Heterozygous VAChT KD (VAChT KDHET) mice, characterized by reduced vesicular acetylcholine transporter protein production, exhibit cognitive impairments due to diminished acetylcholine release.

Transapical coil embolization for subannular aortic pseudoaneurysm.

Aortic pseudoaneurysm is a rare but life-threatening complication following aortic surgery. Although surgical repair remains the gold standard for treatment, alternative approaches such as transcatheter strategies are increasingly considered viable options, particularly in patients with high surgical risk due to comorbidities, anatomical challenges or technical constraints. We present the case of a 72-year-old male patient who developed a subaortic pseudoaneurysm during radiological follow-up after a previous Bentall operation.

Suppressing, stimulating and/or inhibiting: The evolving management of HCC patient after liver transplantation.

Liver transplantation (LT) is a curative strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the risk of HCC recurrence remains a challenging problem. In patients with HCC recurrence after LT (HCC-R_LT), the locoregional and surgical approaches are complex, and the guidelines do not report evidence-based strategies for the management of immunosuppression. In recent years, immunotherapy has become an effective option for patients with advanced HCC in pre-transplant settings.