Reduction of lower limb spasticity after the suppression of intravesical noxious stimulus documented by gait analysis.

Context: Spasticity is characterized by muscle hypertonia due to a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes, mostly related to hyperactive spinal reflexes. After spinal cord injury, the impact of noxious stimuli on autonomic dysreflexia is well documented. It is admitted in clinical practice that sublesional noxious stimuli can also increase spasticity.

Comparing cranial suture interdigitation in humans and non-human primates: unearthing links to osteopathic cranial concept.

Context: Since William Garner Sutherland's inception of osteopathic cranial manipulative medicine (OCMM), osteopathic physicians have practiced with the knowledge that cranial sutures exhibit motion. We hypothesize that the complexity of suture interdigitation in humans may provide clues to elucidate the concept of OCMM.

Objectives: We compared the interdigitation of sagittal, coronal (left and right), and lambdoid (left and right) sutures in computed tomography (CT) scans of humans and five nonhuman primate species (, , , , and ).

Organs in Color: Utilizing Free Software and Emerging Multi Jet Fusion Technology to Color and Surface Label 3D-Printed Anatomical Models.

3D printing (3DP) is a rapidly evolving innovative technology that has already been utilized for the development of educational anatomic models. Until recently, it was difficult and tedious to create multi-colored models and especially labels due to technological constraints. In this technical note, a comprehensive guide for creating labeled and color-coded anatomic models was created using free software, Blender.

The Effect of a Microlearning Module on Knowledge Acquisition in Surgery Clerkship Students.

Objective: Microlearning has been found to be beneficial in other areas of healthcare education. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a microlearning module compared to a traditional online learning module in undergraduate medical education.

Design: A microlearning module was developed to cover the etiology and management of gallbladder disease.