Targeted knockdown of ATM, ATR, and PDEδ increases Gag HIV-1 VLP production in HEK293 cells.

Several strategies have been developed in recent years to improve virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine production processes. Among these, the metabolic engineering of cell lines has been one of the most promising approaches. Based on previous work and a proteomic analysis of HEK293 cells producing Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) Gag VLPs under transient transfection, four proteins susceptible of enhancing VLP production were identified: ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ataxia telangiectasia and rad3-related (ATR), DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), and retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit delta (PDEδ).

A ganglioside-based immune checkpoint enables senescent cells to evade immunosurveillance during aging.

Although senescent cells can be eliminated by the immune system, they tend to accumulate with age in various tissues. Here we show that senescent cells can evade immune clearance by natural killer (NK) cells by upregulating the expression of the disialylated ganglioside GD3 at their surface. The increased level of GD3 expression on senescent cells that naturally occurs upon aging in liver, lung, kidney or bones leads to a strong suppression of NK-cell-mediated immunosurveillance.

Systematic insights into cell density-dependent transcriptional responses upon medium replacements.

Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing transfection efficiency and particle secretion in high cell density cultures is critical to overcome the cell density effect upon transient gene expression. The effect of different conditioned media in HEK293 transcriptome at low and high cell density is explored. A systematic pair-wise comparative study was performed to shed light on the effect on previous phenotypical characteristics of different media conditions: fresh, exhausted and media depleted from extracellular vesicles (EVs) as well as associated proteins and RNAs.

Large Anal Polyp Disguised as Rectal Prolapse.

Rectal prolapse is a relatively rare condition where the rectal mucosa protrudes out of the anal canal. The diagnosis is made through a physical exam and clinical evaluation, and surgical treatment options can vary. Anal polyps masquerading as rectal prolapse have rarely been described in the literature.

Synthetic antimicrobial Nkl and Dic peptides are immunomodulatory but only Dic peptide can be therapeutic against nodavirus infection.

Aquaculture is a prosperous economic sector threatened by viral infections. Among the viruses threatening fish culture, Betanodavirus (NNV) is extremely important in the Mediterranean Sea affecting to highly traded species as European sea bass. In this context, application of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) has arisen as a potential biotechnological tool.