Fifteen-minute consultation: Recognition and management of the child or young person who has ingested a novel psychoactive substance.

Intoxicated children and young people (CYP) attending the paediatric emergency department (PED) are typically under the influence of alcohol or established recreational agents such as cannabis or ecstasy. The last decade or so has seen an increase in the numbers of CYP in PED who have used novel psychoactive substances (NPS). In this review, we describe four different functional classes of NPS, their legal status, clinical effects, acute management and interventions to reduce harm.

Characteristics of calves produced with sperm sexed by flow cytometry/cell sorting.

The objectives of this study were to determine whether calves produced by sexed sperm differed from controls and to what extent the sex ratio of calves was altered by the sexing procedure. Data were collected from 1,169 calves produced from sperm sexed by flow cytometry/cell sorting after staining with Hoechst 33342, and 793 calves produced from control sperm during breeding trials between 1997 and 2001. Least squares ANOVA were completed using factors of treatment (sexed vs.

Electrical stimulation for therapy and mobility after spinal cord injury.

This article reviews the use of therapeutic and functional electrical stimulation in subjects after a spinal cord injury (SCI). Muscles become much weaker and more fatigable, while bone density decreases dramatically after SCI. Therapeutic stimulation of paralyzed muscles for about 1 h/day can reverse the atrophic changes and markedly increase muscle strength and endurance as well as bone density.

Staircase in mammalian muscle without light chain phosphorylation.

In disuse atrophied skeletal muscle, the staircase response is virtually absent and light chain phosphorylation does not occur. The purpose of the present study was to determine if staircase could be restored in atrophied muscle with continued absence of myosin light chain phosphorylation, by reducing what appears to be an otherwise enhanced calcium release. Control (untreated) and sham-operated female Sprague-Dawley rats were compared with animals after 2 weeks of complete inactivity induced by tetrodotoxin (TTX) application to the left sciatic nerve.