Waste milk consumption in dairy calves: Effects on innate immunity and inflammatory profile.

Waste milk (WM) is commonly used in calf feeding to reduce rearing costs; however, its effects on the innate immune response remain unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of WM on the innate immune response and inflammatory profile of pre-weaned dairy calves. Thirty male Holstein calves were assigned to receive pasteurized waste milk (PWM), saleable milk (SM), and WM (n = 10 in each group).

Reproductive effects of the insecticide acephate on a springtail and an enchytraeid in a subtropical soil.

The widespread use of acephate, a common insecticide, raises concerns about its potential impacts on nontarget soil organisms. This study investigated the chronic effects of acephate on the reproduction of two key soil fauna species, the springtail Folsomia candida and the enchytraeid Enchytraeus crypticus. We exposed these organisms to acephate in both natural Cambisol soil and tropical artificial soil (TAS) to assess potential impacts under different environmental conditions.

EEG Oscillations as Neuroplastic Markers of Neural Compensation in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation: The Role of Slow-Frequency Bands.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects approximately 250,000 to 500,000 individuals annually. Current therapeutic interventions predominantly focus on mitigating the impact of physical and neurological impairments, with limited functional recovery observed in many patients. Electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillations have been investigated in this context of rehabilitation to identify effective markers for optimizing rehabilitation treatments.

Characterization of Three Novel Papillomavirus Genomes in Vampire Bats ().

Bats are mammals with high biodiversity and wide geographical range. In Brazil, three haematophagous bat species are found. is the most documented due to its role as a primary host of rabies virus in Latin America.

Outcome of anatomical versus non-anatomical lung resection for necrotizing pneumonia in children.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the characteristics, complications and outcomes of necrotizing pneumonia (NP) requiring surgical intervention.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of all children who underwent surgical therapy for NP from January 2010 to December 2023. Patients were analyzed based on two surgical approaches: anatomic resection (AR) or non-AR (NAR).