Alternative ball-milling synthesis of vanadium-substituted polyoxometalates as catalysts for the aerobic cleavage of C-C and C-O bonds.

Vanadium-substituted phosphomolybdic acids (H[PMoVO], denoted as V) are well-known oxidation catalysts that are generally prepared by the hydrothermal treatment of MoO and VO in the presence of HPO. This synthesis procedure is highly energy consuming and the V yields are not always acceptable. In the present work, an alternative hybrid mechanochemical/hydrothermal synthesis of V is proposed, comprising the ball-milling of MoO and VO, followed by a hydrothermal attack.

Vanadium-Substituted Phosphomolybdic Acids for the Aerobic Cleavage of Lignin Models-Mechanistic Aspect and Extension to Lignin.

This work deals with the aerobic oxidative cleavage of C-C and C-O bonds catalyzed by the Keggin-type phosphovanadomolybdic acid (H[PMoVO], noted HPV). The latter was synthesized by an adapted hydrothermal procedure classically used for lower vanadium content and was tested as a catalyst for the aerobic cleavage of 2-phenoxyacetophenone (noted K1) and 1-phenyl-2-phenoxyethanol (A1) used as two lignin models. The operative conditions (solvent, catalytic loading, etc.

Effect of in vivo administration of recombinant murine gamma interferon on in vitro lymphoproliferative responses following immunization with Candida albicans.

The effect of in vivo administration of recombinant murine gamma interferon (rMuIFN-gamma) on in vitro proliferation of lymphocytes to Candida antigens and lectins was examined in naive CBA/J mice and in similar mice colonized with Candida albicans by intragastric (i.g.) intubation and/or inoculated intradermally (i.