AhR and IDO1 in pathogenesis of Covid-19 and the "Systemic AhR Activation Syndrome:" a translational review and therapeutic perspectives.

Covid-19 is the acute illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 with initial clinical symptoms such as cough, fever, malaise, headache, and anosmia. After entry into cells, corona viruses (CoV) activate aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs) by an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1)-independent mechanism, bypassing the IDO1-kynurenine-AhR pathway. The IDO1-kynurenine-AhR signaling pathway is used by multiple viral, microbial and parasitic pathogens to activate AhRs and to establish infections.

Some cannabinoid receptor ligands and their distomers are direct-acting openers of SUR1 K(ATP) channels.

Here, we examined the chronic effects of two cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1) inverse agonists, rimonabant and ibipinabant, in hyperinsulinemic Zucker rats to determine their chronic effects on insulinemia. Rimonabant and ibipinabant (10 mg·kg⁻¹·day⁻¹) elicited body weight-independent improvements in insulinemia and glycemia during 10 wk of chronic treatment. To elucidate the mechanism of insulin lowering, acute in vivo and in vitro studies were then performed.

Glutamate receptors in laryngeal cancer cells.

Aim: Despite recent improvements in treatment strategies, the results of chemotherapy in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx are not satisfactory. Thus, the development of new approaches which influence specific metabolic pathways are needed. In the last decade, evidence has emerged implicating a role for glutamate as a signal mediator in tumors.

Antiepileptic drugs and brain development.

Epilepsy, the most common neurological disorder in young humans, has its highest incidence during the first year of life. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) which are used to treat seizures in infants, children and pregnant women target ion channels, neurotransmitters and second messenger systems in the brain. The same targets regulate brain processes essential both for propagation of seizures and for brain development, learning, memory and emotional behavior.

Spin wave interaction with topological defects.

Following our earlier gauge field theory analysis of the diffusion and interactions of classical and quantum waves with topological defects in solids (screw and edge dislocations), we present the analysis of the interaction of a classical spin wave with a screw dislocation studied within the Heisenberg ferromagnet model in which spins are located on a lattice containing dislocations. We show that the spin wave interaction with the screw dislocation shows a similarity to the Aharonov-Bohm-like deflection found previously for scattering of acoustic waves on the same type of defects.