Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol
March 2025
Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major global health concern, as it is the most common primary liver cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality.
Areas Covered: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly shifted the treatment paradigm, offering promising survival outcomes. However, the controlled conditions of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) often fail to reflect real-world complexities, emphasizing the necessity for strong real-world evidence (RWE).
Interspecific introgression is a potentially important source of novel variation of adaptive significance. Although multiple cases of adaptive introgression are well documented, broader generalizations about its targets and mechanisms are lacking. Multiallelic balancing selection, particularly when acting through rare allele advantage, is an evolutionary mechanism expected to favor adaptive introgression.
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