Loss of WT1 expression in the endometrium of infertile PCOS patients: a hyperandrogenic effect?

Context: In fertile patients the endometrial Wilms tumor suppressor gene (WT1) is expressed during the window of implantation. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients suffer from hyperandrogenemia and infertility and have elevated endometrial androgen receptor (AR) expression. WT1 is known to be down-regulated by AR.

Persistent primary hypogonadism associated with anabolic steroid abuse.

Objective: To report a case of primary gonadal failure due to the chronic abuse of anabolic steroids used for bodybuilding.

Design: Case report.

Setting: Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom.

MUC1 as a discriminator between endometrium from fertile and infertile patients with PCOS and endometriosis.

Context: Endometrium of fertile women expresses progesterone-regulated Mucin 1 (MUC1) that carries selectin ligands recognized by the human blastocyst. Altered MUC1 expression at the time of implantation may contribute to endometrial infertility.

Objective: The aim was to assess the expression of MUC1 in the endometrium from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, and fertile women in comparison with other hormone-regulated proteins [hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) 1, HSD2, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR)].