Considering Actionability at the Participant's Research Setting Level for Anticipatable Incidental Findings from Clinical Research.

Determining what constitutes an anticipatable incidental finding (IF) from clinical research and defining whether, and when, this IF should be returned to the participant have been topics of discussion in the field of human subject protections for the last 10 years. It has been debated that implementing a comprehensive IF-approach that addresses both the responsibility of researchers to return IFs and the expectation of participants to receive them can be logistically challenging. IFs have been debated at different levels, such as the ethical reasoning for considering their disclosure or the need for planning for them during the development of the research study.

Low-dose methotrexate - a therapeutical kick in TNF-alpha antagonist treatment for recalcitrant psoriasis vulgaris.

In contrast to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, there are few data in psoriasis vulgaris regarding the efficacy of combining tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors and methotrexate (MTX). Indeed, combination of MTX with different TNF-alpha inhibitors may enhance the therapeutic effects and reduce side effects because of less dosage of the single agent. The present authors present five cases in which low-dose MTX combined with TNF-alpha inhibitors led to impressive improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index scores.

Assessment of tumor thickness in melanocytic skin lesions: comparison of optical coherence tomography, 20-MHz ultrasound and histopathology.

Background: Accurate assessment of vertical tumor size is important for surgical treatment planning of melanocytic skin lesions. High-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) is frequently used for this purpose, but overestimation of tumor thickness is known as a problem especially in thin melanocytic lesions. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a new imaging technique might be a promising alternative.

Preoperative characterization of basal cell carcinoma comparing tumour thickness measurement by optical coherence tomography, 20-MHz ultrasound and histopathology.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new imaging method with promising results for several dermatological indications, including preoperative skin tumour characterization. While high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) is frequently used for this purpose, overestimation of tumour thickness is a problem, due to subtumoral inflammatory infiltration that cannot be differentiated from tumour tissue. The aim of this single-centre study was to describe OCT features of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and to determine vertical tumour thickness accurately, including a comparison with HFUS and histopathology.