A descriptive examination of rurality in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Cohort: Implications, illustrations, and future directions.

Purpose: The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort has enrolled over 60,000 children to examine how early environmental factors (broadly defined) are associated with key child health outcomes. The ECHO Cohort may be well-positioned to contribute to our understanding of rural environments and contexts, which has implications for rural health disparities research. The present study examined the outcome of child obesity to not only illustrate the suitability of ECHO Cohort data for these purposes but also determine how various definitions of rural and urban populations impact the presentation of findings and their interpretation.

Associations of maternal peripregnancy cannabis use with behavioral and developmental outcomes in children with and without symptoms of autism spectrum disorder: Study to Explore Early Development.

Some studies report increased prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and associated symptoms with prenatal cannabis exposure. We examined whether associations of maternal cannabis use from 3 months preconception through delivery ("peripregnancy") with behavior and development in the offspring varied with the presence of ASD symptoms. Children ages 30-68 months with ASD symptoms (i.

The association of maternal COVID-19-infection during pregnancy on the neonatal immune profile and associations with later diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Despite the prevalence and significant concern of COVID-19 in maternal and offspring health, little is known about the impact of COVID-19 during pregnancy on newborn immunity and neurodevelopment. This study aimed to examine 1) the relationship between maternal COVID-19 during pregnancy and newborn immune profiles and investigate the 2) associations between specific newborn immune profiles and the risk of subsequent diagnosis of a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) among children with prenatal exposure to COVID-19. Newborn dried bloodspots (NBS) from 545 children born at Kaiser Permanente Northern California between January 2020 and September 2021 (460 [223 males, 237 females] to COVID-19-infected [COVID+] mothers; 85 [45 males, 40 females] to COVID-19-uninfected [COVID-] mothers) were used to profile newborn immune molecules via a 42-plex cytokine/chemokine assay.

Autism Diagnosis Among US Children and Adults, 2011-2022.

Importance: An improved understanding of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence over time and across the lifespan can inform health care service delivery for the growing population of autistic children and adults.

Objective: To describe trends in the prevalence of ASD diagnoses using electronic records data from a large network of health systems in the US.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study examined annual diagnosis rates in health records of patients in US health systems from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2022.