Assessing guidelines for the discontinuation of prehospital peripheral intravenous catheters.

Insertion of prehospital peripheral intravenous (PIV) catheters frequently occurs under suboptimal conditions. Timely replacement of prehospital PIV catheters may minimize the risk of inhospital catheter-related infections. Inconsistent recommendations exist concerning when prehospital PIV catheters should be replaced.

Sub-chronic dietary toxicity of potassium perfluorooctanesulfonate in rats.

Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is a widely disseminated persistent compound found at low (part-per-billion) concentrations in serum and liver samples from humans and fish-eating wildlife. This study investigated the hypotheses that early hepatocellular peroxisomal proliferation and hepatic cellular proliferation are factors in chronic liver response to dietary dosing, that lowering of serum total cholesterol is an early clinical measure of response to treatment, and that liver and serum PFOS concentrations are proportional to dose and cumulative dose after sub-chronic treatment. PFOS was administered in diet as the potassium salt at 0, 0.

Compound-specific, quantitative characterization of organic fluorochemicals in biological matrices.

Since the early 1980s, there has been a steady increase in the use of nonvolatile fluorinated organic compounds for a variety of industrial and commercial applications. The industrial use of these relatively stable compounds has initiated debate over the fate of fluorochemicals in the environment and, ultimately, the bioavailability of these compounds. In this manuscript, we present quantitative results from a study of 65 human sera samples purchased from biological supply companies that provide characterization of specific organic fluorochemicals present in the sera of nonindustrially exposed humans.