Co-development of breast cancer health promotion educational materials for ethnically diverse women working with hairdressing and beauty salons: BELONG study.

Background: Improved screening uptake is essential for early breast cancer detection, women's health and reducing health disparities. However, minority ethnic and deprived communities often face lower breast cancer screening rates and limited access to culturally tailored educational materials. A recent review found limited culturally tailored materials for breast cancer education.

Engagement of culturally diverse communities in primary care research.

Background: The underrepresentation of ethnic minorities and low-income groups in primary care (PC) research hinders the development of effective treatments for diverse populations.

Aim: To develop a framework that general practice staff and researchers can use to improve the participation of underserved groups in PC research.

Method: This study was undertaken across 10 GP practices in South London serving 150 658 patients.

Factors affecting the delivery of community-based salon interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease and breast cancer among ethnically diverse women in South London: a concept-mapping approach.

Background: In the UK, women from ethnically diverse and socioeconomically deprived communities are at increased risk of underdiagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and breast cancer. Promoting CVD prevention and awareness of breast cancer screening via community salons and primary health care partnerships can improve uptake of screening services and early detection.

Methods: Concept mapping is a multistage mixed methods participatory approach comprised of six stages: preparation, brainstorming, structuring of statements, representing statements, interpretation and utilisation of maps using Group wisdom software.

Determinants of lipid clinic referral and attendance in a multi-ethnic adult population in south London: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Primary dyslipidaemias, including familial hypercholesterolaemia, are underdiagnosed genetic disorders that substantially increase risk for premature coronary artery disease in adults. Early identification of primary dyslipidaemias via lipid clinic referral optimises patient management and enables cascade screening of relatives. Improving the identification of primary dyslipidaemias, and understanding disparities in ascertainment and management, is an NHS priority.

Contextually appropriate communication strategies for COVID-19 prevention in Kenya border regions: evidence from a mixed methods observational study in Busia and Mandera counties.

Objectives: Kenya has long and porous borders with its neighbouring countries. These regions, predominantly inhabited by highly mobile rural communities with strong cross-border cultural ties, present major challenges in managing movement of people and COVID-19 preventive measures. Our study sought to assess knowledge of COVID-19 prevention behaviours, how these varied by socioeconomic (SEC) factors and the challenges of engagement and implementation, in two border counties of Kenya.

Cancer detection via primary care urgent referral and association with practice characteristics: a retrospective cross-sectional study in England from 2009/2010 to 2018/2019.

Background: There is substantial variation in the use of urgent suspected cancer referral (2-week wait [2WW]) between practices.

Aim: To examine the change in use of 2WW referrals in England over 10 years (2009/2010 to 2018/2019) and the practice and population factors associated with cancer detection.

Design And Setting: Retrospective cross-sectional study of English general practices and their 2WW referral and Cancer Waiting Times database detection data (all cancers other than non-melanoma skin cancers) from 2009/2010 to 2018/2019.

COVID-19 and the multidisciplinary care of patients with lung cancer: an evidence-based review and commentary.

Delivering lung cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant and ongoing challenges. There is a lack of published COVID-19 and lung cancer evidence-based reviews, including for the whole patient pathway. We searched for COVID-19 and lung cancer publications and brought together a multidisciplinary group of stakeholders to review and comment on the evidence and challenges.

Antimicrobial stewardship in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based cohort study and interrupted time-series analysis.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the context for antimicrobial stewardship in primary care.

Aim: To assess the effect of the pandemic on antibiotic prescribing, accounting for changes in consultations for respiratory and urinary tract infections (RTIs/UTIs).

Design And Setting: Population-based cohort study using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD database from January 2017 to September 2020.

Improving the management of type 2 diabetes through large-scale general practice: the role of a data-driven and technology-enabled education programme.

A quality improvement (QI) scheme was launched in 2017, covering a large group of 25 general practices working with a deprived registered population. The aim was to improve the measurable quality of care in a population where type 2 diabetes (T2D) care had previously proved challenging. A complex set of QI interventions were co-designed by a team of primary care clinicians and educationalists and managers.

State of the evidence: a survey of global disparities in clinical trials.

Introduction: Ideally, health conditions causing the greatest global disease burden should attract increased research attention. We conducted a comprehensive global study investigating the number of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published on different health conditions, and how this compares with the global disease burden that they impose.

Methods: We use machine learning to monitor PubMed daily, and find and analyse RCT reports.

Impact of primary care funding on patient satisfaction: a retrospective longitudinal study of English general practice, 2013-2016.

Background: Providing high-quality clinical care and good patient experience are priorities for most healthcare systems.

Aim: To understand the relationship between general practice funding and patient-reported experience.

Design And Setting: Retrospective longitudinal study of English general practice-level data for the financial years 2013-2014 to 2016-2017.

The provision of additional services in primary care: a cross-sectional study of incentivised additional services, social deprivation, and ethnic group.

Background: Primary care in England is contracted to provide essential services. Many practices also provide additional services, termed 'directed enhanced services' (DES), for extra income. The optional nature of DES may result in inequitable service delivery.

Relationship between general practice capitation funding and the quality of primary care in England: a cross-sectional, 3-year study.

Objective: To explore the relationship between general practice capitation funding and quality ratings based on general practice inspections.

Design: Cross-sectional study pooling 3 years of primary care administrative data.

Setting: UK primary care.

Association between prior antibiotic therapy and subsequent risk of community-acquired infections: a systematic review.

Background: Antibiotic use can have negative unintended consequences including disruption of the human microbiota, which is thought to protect against pathogen overgrowth. We conducted a systematic review to assess whether there is an association between exposure to antibiotics and subsequent risk of community-acquired infections.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science for studies published before 30 June 2017, examining the association between antibiotic use and subsequent community-acquired infection.

Impact of primary care funding on secondary care utilisation and patient outcomes: a retrospective cross-sectional study of English general practice.

Background: In international studies, greater investment in primary health care is associated with improved population health outcomes.

Aim: To determine whether investment in general practice is associated with secondary care utilisation, patient satisfaction, and clinical outcomes.

Design And Setting: Retrospective cross-sectional study of general practices in England, 2014-2015.

Polysomnography in Bolivian Children Native to High Altitude Compared to Children Native to Low Altitude.

Study Objectives: To compare polysomnographic parameters in high altitude (HA) native Andean children with low altitude (LA) native peers in order to explain the nocturnal oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) instability reported in HA native children and to study the effect on sleep quality.

Methods: Ninety-eight healthy children aged 7-10 y and 13-16 y were recruited at LA (500 m) or HA (3,650 m) above sea level. Physical examination was undertaken and genetic ancestry determined from salivary DNA to determine proportion of European ancestry, a risk factor for poor HA adaptation.

Adaptation to Life in the High Andes: Nocturnal Oxyhemoglobin Saturation in Early Development.

Study Objectives: Physiological adaptation to high altitude hypoxia may be impaired in Andeans with significant European ancestry. The respiratory 'burden' of sleep may challenge adaptation, leading to relative nocturnal hypoxia. Developmental aspects of sleep-related breathing in high-altitude native children have not previously been reported.

Nocturnal haemoglobin oxygen desaturation in urban and rural East African paediatric cohorts with and without sickle cell anaemia: a cross-sectional study.

Low haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) predicts complications in children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) in the North but there are few data from Africa, where the majority of the patients reside. We measured daytime and overnight SpO2 in children with SCA in routine follow-up clinic, and controls without symptoms of SCA, comparing rural (Kilifi, Kenya) and urban (Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania) cohorts. Daytime SpO2 was lower in 65 Tanzanian children with SCA (TS; median 97 (IQR 94-100)%); p<0.

Career intentions and choices of paediatricians entering training in the UK.

Introduction: The paediatric workforce has grown substantially in recent years. Roles have changed considerably with the introduction of working time legislation and a move towards a trained doctor solution. By gaining a better understanding of paediatric trainees' career intentions, this study aims to assess whether the right workforce is being trained to meet the future demand for paediatric services in the UK.