Anti-Alpha-Toxin Antibody Responses and Clinical Outcomes of Bacteremia.

Background: Alpha-toxin (AT), a major virulence factor of , is an important immunotherapeutic target to prevent or treat invasive infections. Previous studies have suggested that anti-AT antibodies (Abs) may have a protective role against bacteremia (SAB), but their function remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between serum anti-AT Ab levels and clinical outcomes of SAB.

Survival and migration of transplanted neural stem cell-derived dopamine cells in the brain of parkinsonian rat.

Dopamine cells derived from neural stem cells were transplanted into the dopamine-denervated striatum in the rat. Survival of the dopamine cells, gliosis, and immunological reaction were examined by immunostaining. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH+) cells were seen in the needle tract, walls of the lateral ventricle, thalamus, hippocampus, and external and internal capsules for up to 3 weeks examination.