Surveillance Breast MRI in Women with a History of Breast Cancer: Association with Occurrence of Advanced Second Breast Cancer.

Background Studies on the association between surveillance breast MRI in women with a personal history of breast cancer (PHBC) and advanced second breast cancer are lacking. Purpose To investigate the association between postoperative surveillance breast MRI and advanced second breast cancer in women with a PHBC by using propensity score matching (PSM). Materials and Methods Women who underwent breast cancer surgery between January 2009 and December 2014 were retrospectively identified at a single tertiary center.

Optimizing adult-oriented artificial intelligence for pediatric chest radiographs by adjusting operating points.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the optimal operating points of adult-oriented artificial intelligence (AI) software differ for pediatric chest radiographs and to assess its diagnostic performance. Chest radiographs from patients under 19 years old, collected between March and November 2021, were divided into test and exploring sets. A commercial adult-oriented AI software was utilized to detect lung lesions, including pneumothorax, consolidation, nodule, and pleural effusion, using a standard operating point of 15%.

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Radiologists' Reading Time in Bone Age Radiograph Assessment: A Preliminary Retrospective Observational Study.

To evaluate the real-world impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on radiologists' reading time during bone age (BA) radiograph assessments. Patients (<19 year-old) who underwent left-hand BA radiographs between December 2021 and October 2023 were retrospectively included. A commercial AI software was installed from October 2022.

Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for the detection of liver metastases from melanoma.

Purpose: We aimed to assess imaging findings and detection sensitivity for melanoma liver metastases on gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with melanoma liver metastasis who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. Two abdominal radiologists independently evaluated signal characteristics of liver metastases on morphologic imaging (precontrast T1- and T2-weighted imaging), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), dynamic imaging, and hepatobiliary phase (HBP).

Prediction of PD-L1 expression in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI.

Objectives: To develop a model to predict programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and clinical characteristics.

Materials And Methods: We enrolled patients with unresectable HCC who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI between January 2021 and May 2023. Immunohistochemical staining of PD-L1 was performed on a biopsy specimen.

Impact of Respiratory Motion on the Quantification of Pediatric Hepatic Steatosis Using Two Different Ultrasonography Machines.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of respiratory motion on hepatic steatosis quantification using ultrasound attenuation imaging (ATI) or ultrasound-guided attenuation parameter (UGAP) in pediatric patients.

Materials And Methods: Pediatric patients (aged ≤18 years) who underwent liver ultrasonography (US) with ATI or UGAP between May 2022 and February 2023 were included retrospectively. Median, interquartile range (IQR), and IQR/median values were calculated in both free-breathing (FB) and breath-holding (BH) states.

Conceptual review of outcome metrics and measures used in clinical evaluation of artificial intelligence in radiology.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has numerous applications in radiology. Clinical research studies to evaluate the AI models are also diverse. Consequently, diverse outcome metrics and measures are employed in the clinical evaluation of AI, presenting a challenge for clinical radiologists.

Comparative analysis of molecular and histological glioblastomas: insights into prognostic variance.

Purpose: Whether molecular glioblastomas (GBMs) identify with a similar dismal prognosis as a "classical" histological GBM is controversial. This study aimed to compare the clinical, molecular, imaging, surgical factors, and prognosis between molecular GBMs and histological GBMs.

Methods: Retrospective chart and imaging review was performed in 983 IDH-wildtype GBM patients (52 molecular GBMs and 931 histological GBMs) from a single institution between 2005 and 2023.

Artificial intelligence-based computer-aided diagnosis abnormality score trends in the serial mammography of patients with breast cancer.

Purpose: To explore the abnormality score trends of artificial intelligence-based computer-aided diagnosis (AI-CAD) in the serial mammography of patients until a final diagnosis of breast cancer.

Method: From 2015 to 2019, 126 breast cancer patients who had at least two previous mammograms obtained from 2008 up to cancer diagnosis were included. AI-CAD was retrospectively applied to 487 previous mammograms and all the abnormality scores calculated by AI-CAD were obtained.

Revisiting oligodendroglioma grading in the 2021 WHO classification: calcification and larger contrast-enhancing tumor volume may predict higher oligodendroglioma grade.

Purpose: To investigate whether qualitative and quantitative imaging phenotypes can predict the grade of oligodendroglioma.

Methods: Retrospective chart and imaging reviews were conducted on 180 adults with oligodendroglioma (IDH-mutant and 1p/19q codeleted) between 2005 and 2021. Qualitative imaging characteristics including tumor location, calcification, gliomatosis cerebri, cystic change, necrosis, and infiltrative pattern were analyzed.

Identification of prognostic imaging biomarkers in H3 K27-altered diffuse midline gliomas in adults: impact of tumor oxygenation imaging biomarkers on survival.

Purpose: To investigate prognostic markers for H3 K27-altered diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) in adults with clinical, qualitative and quantitative imaging phenotypes, including tumor oxygenation characteristics.

Methods: Retrospective chart and imaging reviews were conducted on 32 adults with H3 K27-altered DMGs between 2017 and 2023. Clinical and qualitative imaging characteristics were analyzed.

Diagnostic Efficacy and Safety of Low-Contrast-Dose Dual-Energy CT in Patients With Renal Impairment Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and safety of low-contrast-dose, dual-source dual-energy CT before transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in patients with compromised renal function.

Materials And Methods: A total of 54 consecutive patients (female:male, 26:38; 81.9 ± 7.

Development of a new prognostic model to predict pneumonia outcome using artificial intelligence-based chest radiograph results.

This study aimed to develop a new simple and effective prognostic model using artificial intelligence (AI)-based chest radiograph (CXR) results to predict the outcomes of pneumonia. Patients aged > 18 years, admitted the treatment of pneumonia between March 2020 and August 2021 were included. We developed prognostic models, including an AI-based consolidation score in addition to the conventional CURB-65 (confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age ≥ 65) and pneumonia severity index (PSI) for predicting pneumonia outcomes, defined as 30-day mortality during admission.

Patient-centered radiology reports with generative artificial intelligence: adding value to radiology reporting.

The purposes were to assess the efficacy of AI-generated radiology reports in terms of report summary, patient-friendliness, and recommendations and to evaluate the consistent performance of report quality and accuracy, contributing to the advancement of radiology workflow. Total 685 spine MRI reports were retrieved from our hospital database. AI-generated radiology reports were generated in three formats: (1) summary reports, (2) patient-friendly reports, and (3) recommendations.

Leptomeningeal metastases in isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype glioblastomas revisited: Comprehensive analysis of incidence, risk factors, and prognosis based on post-contrast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery.

Background: The incidence of leptomeningeal metastases (LM) has been reported diversely. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of LM in patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastoma.

Methods: A total of 828 patients with IDH-wildtype glioblastoma were enrolled between 2005 and 2022.

Impaired Glymphatic Flow on Diffusion Tensor MRI as a Marker of Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease: Correlation with Gray Matter Volume Loss and Cognitive Decline Independent of Cerebral Amyloid Deposition.

Background: Impaired glymphatic flow on the Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum may be evaluated using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS).

Objective: We aimed to validate impaired glymphatic flow and explore its association with gray matter volume, cognitive status, and cerebral amyloid deposition on the AD spectrum.

Methods: 80 participants (mean age, 76.

Diffusion- and Perfusion-Weighted MRI Radiomics for Survival Prediction in Patients with Lower-Grade Gliomas.

Purpose: Lower-grade gliomas of histologic grades 2 and 3 follow heterogenous clinical outcomes, which necessitates risk stratification. This study aimed to evaluate whether diffusion-weighted and perfusion-weighted MRI radiomics allow overall survival (OS) prediction in patients with lower-grade gliomas and investigate its prognostic value.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, radiomic features were extracted from apparent diffusion coefficient, relative cerebral blood volume map, and Ktrans map in patients with pathologically confirmed lower-grade gliomas (January 2012-February 2019).

Comparison of elasticity changes in the paraspinal muscles of adolescent patients with scoliosis treated with surgery and bracing.

Scoliosis is a three-dimensional spinal deformity, and paraspinal muscles play an important role as stabilizers of the spinal curve. In this prospective study, we compared elasticity changes in the paraspinal muscles of adolescent patients with scoliosis after surgery or bracing. Elasticity was measured on the concave and convex sides of the paraspinal muscles at the apex of the curve at the beginning of treatment and 6 and 12 months after treatment.

Computed Tomography Radiomics for Preoperative Prediction of Spread Through Air Spaces in the Early Stage of Surgically Resected Lung Adenocarcinomas.

Purpose: To assess the added value of radiomics models from preoperative chest CT in predicting the presence of spread through air spaces (STAS) in the early stage of surgically resected lung adenocarcinomas using multiple validation datasets.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 550 early-stage surgically resected lung adenocarcinomas in 521 patients, classified into training, test, internal validation, and temporal validation sets (n=211, 90, 91, and 158, respectively). Radiomics features were extracted from the segmented tumors on preoperative chest CT, and a radiomics score (Rad-score) was calculated to predict the presence of STAS.