Mandibular skeletal posterior anatomic limit for molar distalization in patients with Class III malocclusion with different vertical facial patterns.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the differences in mandibular posterior anatomic limit (MPAL) distances stratified by vertical patterns in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods: CBCT images of 48 patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion (mean age, 22.8 ± 3.

Evaluation of the stability of maxillary expansion using cone-beam computed tomography after segmental Le Fort I osteotomy in adult patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion.

Objective: The aim of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the stability of the skeletal and dental widths using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) after segmental Le Fort I osteotomy in adult patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion requiring maxillary expansion.

Methods: In total, 25 and 36 patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion underwent Le Fort I osteotomy (control group) and segmental Le Fort I osteotomy (experimental group), respectively. Coronal CBCT images were used to measure the dental and skeletal widths before (T1) and after (T2) surgery and at the end of treatment (T3).

Three-dimensional assessment of upper lip positional changes according to simulated maxillary anterior tooth movements by white light scanning.

Objective: Esthetic improvements during orthodontic treatment are achieved by changes in positions of the lips and surrounding soft tissues. Facial soft-tissue movement has already been two-dimensionally evaluated by cephalometry. In this study, we aimed to three-dimensionally assess positional changes of the adult upper lip according to simulated maxillary anterior tooth movements by white light scanning.

Three-dimensional symmetry and parallelism of the skeletal and soft-tissue poria in patients with facial asymmetry.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the symmetry and parallelism of the skeletal and soft-tissue poria by three-dimensional (3D) computed tomographic (CT) imaging.

Methods: The locations of the bilateral skeletal and soft-tissue poria in 29 patients with facial asymmetry (asymmetric group) and 29 patients without facial asymmetry (symmetric group) were measured in 3D reconstructed models of CT images by using a 3D coordinate system. The mean intergroup differences in the anteroposterior and vertical angular deviations of the poria and their anteroposterior and vertical parallelism were statistically analyzed.

Soft-tissue thickness of South Korean adults with normal facial profiles.

Objective: To standardize the facial soft-tissue characteristics of South Korean adults according to gender by measuring the soft-tissue thickness of young men and women with normal facial profiles by using three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed models.

Methods: Computed tomographic images of 22 men aged 20 - 27 years and 18 women aged 20 - 26 years with normal facial profiles were obtained. The hard and soft tissues were three-dimensionally reconstructed by using Mimics software.

Assessing soft-tissue characteristics of facial asymmetry with photographs.

Introduction: Precise diagnosis and treatment of facial asymmetry are important in orthodontics. The aims of this study were to determine the soft-tissue characteristics of patients perceived to have severe asymmetry requiring treatment and the soft-tissue factors affecting the subjective assessment of facial asymmetry.

Methods: In the first part of this study, 5 observers examined 1000 photographs of patients receiving orthodontic treatment and selected 100 for further assessment.

Skeletal changes of maxillary protraction in patients exhibiting skeletal class III malocclusion: a comparison of three skeletal maturation groups.

This cephalometric study evaluated skeletal and dentoalveolar changes produced by rapid maxillary expansion and facial mask therapy in 85 subjects exhibiting a Class III malocclusion with a retruded maxilla. The skeletal maturity of individual patients was assessed on the basis of Fishman's skeletal maturity indicator (SMI), using hand-wrist radiographs at the initiation of treatment, to determine the relationship between the effect of maxillary protraction and skeletal age. Patients were divided into three groups: prepubertal growth peak group (SMI 1-3), pubertal growth peak group (SMI 4-7), and postpubertal growth peak group (SMI 8-11).