The intrinsically disordered transcriptional activation domain of CIITA is functionally tuneable by single substitutions: An exception or a new paradigm?

During protein evolution, some amino acid substitutions modulate protein function ("tuneability"). In most proteins, the tuneable range is wide and can be sampled by a set of protein variants that each contains multiple amino acid substitutions. In other proteins, the full tuneable range can be accessed by a set of variants that each contains a single substitution.

Beta Cell Function and the Nutritional State: Dietary Factors that Influence Insulin Secretion.

Approximately 366 million people worldwide have been diagnosed with type-2 diabetes (T2D). Chronic insulin resistance, decreased functional β-cell mass, and elevated blood glucose are defining characteristics of T2D. Great advances have been made in understanding the pathogenesis of T2D with respect to the effects of dietary macronutrient composition and energy intake on β-cell physiology and glucose homeostasis.

Small Molecule Kaempferol Promotes Insulin Sensitivity and Preserved Pancreatic β -Cell Mass in Middle-Aged Obese Diabetic Mice.

Insulin resistance and a progressive decline in functional β-cell mass are hallmarks of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Thus, searching for natural, low-cost compounds to target these two defects could be a promising strategy to prevent the pathogenesis of T2D. Here, we show that dietary intake of flavonol kaempferol (0.