Transverse myelitis caused by herpes zoster following COVID-19 vaccination: A case report.

Background: Transverse myelitis (TM) is characterized by sudden lower extremity progressive weakness and sensory impairment, and most patients have a history of advanced viral infection symptoms. A variety of disorders can cause TM in association with viral or nonviral infection, vascular, neoplasia, collagen vascular, and iatrogenic, such as vaccination. Vaccination has become common through the global implementation against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and reported complications like herpes zoster (HZ) activation has increased.

Sec-O-glucosylhamaudol mitigates inflammatory processes and autophagy via p38/JNK MAPK signaling in a rat neuropathic pain model.

Background: This study investigated the effect of intrathecal Sec-O-glucosylhamaudol (SOG) on the p38/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)-related inflammatory responses, and autophagy in a spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced neuropathic pain model.

Methods: The continuous administration of intrathecal SOG via an osmotic pump was performed on male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 50) with SNL-induced neuropathic pain. Rats were randomized into four groups after the 7th day following SNL and treated for 2 weeks as follows (each n = 10): Group S, sham-operated; Group D, 70% dimethylsulfoxide; Group SOG96, SOG at 96 μg/day; and Group SOG192, SOG at 192 μg/day.

Effect of sec-O-glucosylhamaudol on mechanical allodynia in a rat model of postoperative pain.

Background: This study was performed in order to examine the effect of intrathecal sec-O-glucosylhamaudol (SOG), an extract from the root of the Peucedanum japonicum Thunb., on incisional pain in a rat model.

Methods: The intrathecal catheter was inserted in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 55).

Nefopam downregulates autophagy and c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity in the regulation of neuropathic pain development following spinal nerve ligation.

Background: Neurodegeneration is associated with changes in basal cellular function due to the dysregulation of autophagy. A recent study introduced the involvement of autophagy during spinal nerve ligation (SNL). Nefopam has shown potential for reducing neuropathic pain, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown.

Urinary trypsin inhibitor attenuates the development of neuropathic pain following spinal nerve ligation.

Following nerve injury, inflammatory and algesic mediators are released. This neuroinflammatory outbreak causes neuronal damage and chronic neuropathic pain. Urinary trypsin inhibitor (ulinastatin, UTI), which has anti-inflammatory properties and neuroprotective effects, is used to lower the levels of inflammatory factors during surgery.

Effect on thermoregulatory responses in patients undergoing a tympanoplasty in accordance to the anesthetic techniques during PEEP: a comparison between inhalation anesthesia with desflurane and TIVA.

Background: It has been known that positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) increases the vasoconstriction threshold by baroreceptor unloading. We compared the effect on the thermoregulatory responses according to anesthetic techniques between an inhalation anesthesia with desflurane and a total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol and reminfentanil when PEEP was applied in patients undergoing tympanoplasty.

Methods: Forty-six patients with a scheduled tympanoplasty were enrolled and the patients were divided in two study groups.

The effect of urinary trypsin inhibitor against neuropathic pain in rat models.

Background: Nerve injury sometimes leads to chronic neuropathic pain associated with neuroinflammation in the nervous system. In the case of chronic neuropathic pain, the inflammatory and algesic mediators become predominant and result in pain hypersensitivity following nervous system damage. It is well known that urinary trypsin inhibitor (ulinastatin, UTI) has an anti-inflammatory activity.

Effects of Palonosetron, a 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonist, on Mechanical Allodynia in a Rat Model of Postoperative Pain.

Background: 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT3) receptors have been known to be associated with the modulation of nociceptive transmission. However, it is uncertain whether 5-HT3 plays a role in the antinociceptive or pronociceptive pathway for incisional pain. In this study, we evaluated the effects of palonosetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, on incisional pain in rats when administered intrathecally or intraplantarly.

The effect of low dose ketamine and priming of cisatracurium on the intubating condition and onset time of cisatracurium.

Background: Both ketamine and priming may accelerate the onset time of neuromuscular blocking agents. We investigate the effect of low dose ketamine and cisatracurium priming on the intubating condition and onset time of cisatracurium.

Methods: After Institutional Review Board approval, 120 consecutive patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups.

Clinical experience of symptomatic sacral perineural cyst.

Tarlov or perineural cysts are nerve root cysts found most commonly at the sacral spine level arising between covering layers of the perineurium and the endoneurium near the dorsal root ganglion and are usually asymptomatic. Symptomatic sacral perineural cysts are uncommon but sometimes require surgical treatment. A 69-year-old male presented with pain in the buttock.

AKAP12 regulates vascular integrity in zebrafish.

The integrity of blood vessels controls vascular permeability and extravasation of blood cells, across the endothelium. Thus, the impairment of endothelial integrity leads to hemorrhage, edema, and inflammatory infiltration. However, the molecular mechanism underlying vascular integrity has not been fully understood.

Effect of tramadol on bispectral index during anesthesia with desflurane.

Background: This study is aimed to investigate the effect of tramadol on the bispectral index (BIS) during anesthesia with desflurane.

Methods: One hundred fifty adults, ASA class 1 and 2 patients, scheduled for general anesthesia for elective surgical procedures were included in this study. None of the patients were premedicated and anesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg/kg and maintained with air-oxygen (FiO2 0.

The effects of intrathecal fentanyl for spinal anesthesia in lower extremity surgery.

Background: Intrathecal opioids in combination with bupivacaine has been shown to provide adequate sensory blockade and early recovery from spinal anesthesia. This study was investigated the added effects of intrathecal fentanyl 10 microgram to bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia.

Methods: Sixty patients undergoing lower extremity surgery were into three groups.

Protein kinase C-delta regulates the stability of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha under hypoxia.

Hypoxia is a state of deficiency of available oxygen in the blood and tissues, and it occurs during several pathophysiological processes, including tumorigenesis. Under hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) plays an essential role in cellular oxygen homeostasis. In the present article protein kinase C-delta (PKC-delta) is activated by hypoxia, increases the protein stability and transcriptional activity of HIF-1alpha in human cervical adenocarcinoma cells.

Thermographic assessment of inferior alveolar nerve injury in patients with dentofacial deformity.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the injury and recovery of the inferior alveolar nerve in orthognathic patients at 1 and 4 weeks after surgery using electronic thermography.

Materials And Methods: Twenty subjects with Class III dentofacial deformity were studied. All patients underwent bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy.

Nail-splinting technique for ingrown nails: the therapeutic effects and the proper removal time of the splint.

Background: An ingrown nail is a common disorder that occurs most frequently in the great toe and causes much discomfort in patients. Although many therapeutic methods have been described, most of them can lead to severe damage to the nail or to frequent relapses. The nail-splinting technique is known to be a noninvasive therapeutic method for treating an ingrown nail.

5-HT7 receptors are involved in mediating 5-HT-induced activation of rat primary afferent neurons.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the 5-hydroxytryptamine7 (5-HT7) receptor is expressed by nociceptor-like neurons in the rat PNS and whether 5-HT activates these nociceptors via the 5-HT7 receptor subtype. Using a polyclonal antibody and the method of immunofluorescence staining, we demonstrated that the 5-HT7 receptor appears predominately on "nociceptor-like" neurons of the rat lumbar dorsal root ganglia. Using immunocytochemical methods, we showed that the immunoreactivity of the 5-HT7 receptor antibody complex is localized in the superficial layers of the spinal cord dorsal horn, which corresponds with laminae I, IIouter and IIinner.