Effect of Dexmedetomidine Preconditioning on Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Acute Hyperglycemic Rats.

Background: Acute hyperglycemia frequently occurs in stressful situations, including liver transplantation or hepatic surgery, which may affect the protective effects of dexmedetomidine preconditioning and increase postoperative mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in acute hyperglycemia.

Methods: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups, including a combination between 2 glycemic (normo- and hyperglycemia) and 3 ischemia-reperfusion conditions (sham, ischemia-reperfusion only, and dexmedetomidine plus ischemia-reperfusion).

Suspected Malignant Hyperthermia in a Brain-Dead Donor During Anesthesia for Organ Procurement Surgery: A Case Report.

We report an unusual case of highly suspected malignant hyperthermia after inducing anesthesia in a brain-dead 18-year-old male patient undergoing organ procurement surgery. The patient was administered desflurane (3 vol%) and rocuronium bromide (50 mg) to induce and maintain general anesthesia. He experienced hypercapnia and tachycardia within 5 minutes of anesthesia induction; however, his body temperature rapidly rose only after 15 minutes.

Anesthetic management for inhibiting sympathetic activation in an adolescent patient diagnosed with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and undergoing left cardiac sympathetic denervation: A case report.

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a genetic disorder in which catecholamine release during exercise or emotional stress cause fatal tachyarrhythmias. In this paper, we discuss methods to minimize the sympathetic stimulation that can occur during the perioperative period in patients undergoing left cardiac sympathetic denervation to surgically treat CPVT.

Effect of Minimum Bronchial Cuff Volume of Left-Sided Double-Lumen Tube for One-Lung Ventilation on the Change in Bronchial Cuff Pressure during Lateral Positioning in Thoracic Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study.

The minimum bronchial cuff volume (BCVmin) of a double-lumen tube (DLT) without air leaks during lung isolation may vary among individuals, and lateral positioning could increase the bronchial cuff pressure (BCP). We investigated the effect of initially established BCVmin (BCVi) on the change in BCP by lateral positioning. Seventy patients who underwent elective lung surgery were recruited and divided into two groups according to the BCVi obtained during anesthetic induction in each patient.

Infection prevention measures and outcomes for surgical patients during a COVID-19 outbreak in a tertiary hospital in Daegu, South Korea: a retrospective observational study.

Backgruound: The first large coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak outside China occurred in Daegu. In response, we developed infection prevention measures for surgical patients during the outbreak at our hospital and retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of COVID-19-related surgical patients.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 118 COVID-19-related surgical patients and monitored their clinical outcomes until March 31, 2021.

The Role of Dexmedetomidine in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Via a Nitric Oxide-Dependent Mechanism in Rats.

Background: Dexmedetomidine is known to protect against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in various organs; however, the mechanisms of dexmedetomidine in the liver remain unclear. We investigated whether dexmedetomidine preconditioning leads to hepatic protection and whether nitric oxide was associated with this protective mechanism by employing N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), a nitrous oxide synthase inhibitor.

Methods: Experiment 1 included 24 rats in 4 groups: sham, IR, 30 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine, and 50 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine.

Role of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Hepatic Ischemic Reperfusion Injury.

The effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has been proposed that mediates the protective response in ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) of various organs. In this study, we investigated the effect of RIPC in hepatic IRI, by assessing biomarker of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, we intended to demonstrate any such protective effect through nitric oxide (NO).

Analgesic Effect of Ultrasound-Guided Preoperative Unilateral Lateral Quadratus Lumborum Block for Laparoscopic Nephrectomy: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Controlled Trial.

Purpose: The quadratus lumborum block (QLB) is a relatively new regional analgesic technique that could provide analgesia to the abdominal wall and reduce postoperative opioid consumption. We investigated the opioid-sparing effect of a unilateral lateral QLB in laparoscopic nephrectomy.

Patients And Methods: A total of 60 patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy were included in the study.

Postoperative emergence agitation and intraoperative sevoflurane sedation under caudal block in children: a randomized comparison of two sevoflurane doses.

Background: Sub-umbilical surgery under caudal block in conjunction with sevoflurane sedation may be safe in terms of maintaining spontaneous breathing and avoiding complications associated with general anesthesia. However, sevoflurane-induced emergence agitation (EA) continues to be a clinically important phenomenon in children. To compare the incidence of EA in children undergoing sub-umbilical surgery under caudal block with two different doses of sevoflurane.

The Effect of Nitric Oxide on Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats.

Although remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is an organ-protective maneuver from subsequent ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) by application of brief ischemia and reperfusion to other organs, its mechanism remains unclear. However, it is known that RIPC reduces the heart, brain, and liver IRI, and that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the mechanism of this effect. To identify the role of NO in the protective effect of RIPC in renal IRI, this study examined renal function, oxidative status, and histopathological changes using N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an NO synthase inhibitor.

Sodium Nitrite Attenuates Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats.

Objectives: Nitrite as an alternative source of nitric oxide has been proposed, as it can mediate the protective response in the presence of ischemia or hypoxic conditions and inorganic nitrite can be reduced to nitric oxide by xanthine oxidoreductase. Here, we investigated whether pretreatment with sodium nitrite can attenuate liver damage in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and identified the possible mechanism of nitrite reduction using 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,5dihydro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1H-imidazolyl-1-oxy-3oxide (C-PTIO), a nitric oxide scavenger, and allopurinol, a xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor.

Materials And Methods: In experiment 1, 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: (1) sham-operated; (2) hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury; and (3-5) sodium nitrite administered intra-peritoneally 30 minutes before ischemia at 2.

The effect of preoperative nefopam treatment on postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort in patients undergoing transurethral bladder tumor resection: a randomized double-blind study.

Background: Catheter-related bladder discomfort (C.R.B.

Comparison of oncological benefits of deep neuromuscular block in obese patients with gastric cancer (DEBLOQS_GC study): A study protocol for a double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Many studies have demonstrated the advantage of maintaining intraoperative deep neuromuscular block (NMB) with sugammadex. This trial is designed to evaluate the impact of muscle relaxation during laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy on the oncological benefits, particularly in obese patients with gastric cancer.

Materials And Methods: This is a double-blind, randomized controlled multicenter prospective trial.

A liver transplant recipient with possible bupivacaine-induced liver injury caused by intra-articular injection after total knee arthroplasty: A case report.

Rationale: Although the survival period of patients who undergo liver transplantation is improving due to advances in surgical techniques and medical treatment, there is a lack of detailed, sufficient data that compare the choice of anesthetic agent in post-liver transplant surgery to avoid liver injury.

Patient Concerns: The authors describe acute liver injury observed in a 61-year-old man who underwent liver transplantation surgery 13 years previously and who was on immunosuppressive therapy. The patient underwent bilateral total knee arthroplasty under general anesthesia, for which a total of 200 mg bupivacaine was injected into each knee after wound closure.

Beneficial Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats.

Purpose: Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is an endogenous gaseous molecule with important physiological roles. It is synthesized from cysteine by cystathionine γ-lyase (CGL) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS). The present study examined the benefits of exogenous H₂S on renal ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury, as well as the effects of CGL or CBS inhibition.

A case report of Tapia's syndrome after mastectomy and breast reconstruction under general anesthesia.

Rationale: Tapia's syndrome is a rare and potentially anesthesia-related complication that may cause considerable distress to the patient. Here we describe a case of unilateral Tapia's syndrome in a patient undergoing a skin sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported in the literature.

Patient Concerns: A 41-years old female underwent right skin sparing total mastectomy and breast reconstruction with latissimus dorsi flap under general anesthesia.

The malposition of a central venous catheter through a sheath introducer via the left internal jugular vein: A case report.

Rationale: The misplacement of central venous catheter (CVC) can occur more often at the left jugular vein than the right side due to anatomic differences. And many of the previously reported cases are about catheter misplacement resulting from vessel penetration associated with guidewire. This case differs that the catheter itself through the sheath introducer can cause venous injury that may lead to the malposition of CVC particularly through an approach to the left internal jugular vein.

Postdural puncture headache.

Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common complication after inadvertent dural puncture. Risks factors include female sex, young age, pregnancy, vaginal delivery, low body mass index, and being a non-smoker. Needle size, design, and the technique used also affect the risk.

Treatment of radiation-induced cystitis and vulvodynia via a ganglion impar block using a lateral approach under computed tomography guidance: a case report.

Adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) after colorectal cancer surgery can prevent local recurrence, but has several side effects. Precise injection of drugs into the affected areas is complicated by radiation-induced fibrosis of soft or connective tissue. A 48-year-old woman experienced severe intractable perineal pain, dysuria, urinary urgency, and frequent urination after rectal cancer surgery and adjuvant RT, and was diagnosed with radiation-induced cystitis and vulvodynia.

[The effect of palonosetron on rocuronium-induced withdrawal movement].

Background: Rocuronium causes pain and withdrawal movement during induction of anesthesia. In this study, palonosetron was investigated to have analgesic effect on the reduction of rocuronium-induced withdrawal movement.

Methods: 120 patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups to receive either saline, lidocaine 20mg, or palonosetron 0.

Inhibition of Oxidative Stress in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Background: Superoxide, nitric oxide (NO), and peroxynitrite are important mediators in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We tested the renoprotective effects of allopurinol (ALP), a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrinato iron (III) (FeTMPyP) by selective inhibition of superoxide, NO, and peroxynitrite, respectively.

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n = 6 per group).