Effects of endotoxin derived from Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide on the pharmacokinetics of drugs.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin is an active component in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS is usually used as an animal model of chronic inflammation such as sepsis. During inflammation, development of diarrhea, and changes in the plasma protein bindings, in the hepatic and/or intestinal microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes, and in the renal excretion of drugs have been reported.

[The effects of meridian massage on menopausal symptoms and Shin-Hur in middle-aged menopausal women].

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of meridian massage on menopausal symptoms and Shin-Hur in middle-aged menopausal women.

Method: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pre-post experimental design. The subjects of the study were middle-aged women who had had no menstruation in the last 12 months after the last menstrual bleeding.

Efficacy of Qi-therapy (external Qigong) for elderly people with chronic pain.

To test the efficacy of Qi-therapy (external Qigong) in improving symptoms of pain and mood states in elderly peoples with chronic pain. Forty-three elderly people with chronic pain were randomly assigned either to an intervention or a general care group. The intervention group was given four weeks of Qi-therapy whereas the control group was given standard care.