Evaluation of efficacy of Silybum marianum flower extract on the mitigating hair loss in vitro and in vivo.

Background: Natural components that can exert a wide range of anti-hair loss activity with fewer side effects are in high demand. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-hair loss potential of Silybum marianum flower extract (SMFE) in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: The effect of SMFE on dermal papilla cells was evaluated by measuring cell proliferation and VEGF production in hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs).

Assessment of the anti-hair loss potential of Camellia japonica fruit shell extract in vitro.

Objective: Hair loss is caused by various factors. Impacts of these factors are often overlapped and intensified. Currently, mitigation of hair loss is being studied by proliferating dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and inhibiting deleterious factors such as dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and oxidative stress on hair growth.

Immune-enhancing effect of water-soluble beta-glucan derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast glucan.

Immunostimulants play an important role in the treatment of immunodeficiency. Macrophages are the first line in our immune defense system and play a critical role in the immune response. Therefore, finding new and better substances to induce an immune response by activating macrophages is an attractive research topic, especially in the fields of immunopharmacology and cancer prevention.

Chlorogenic Acid Isomers Isolated from Exhibit Anti-Rosacea Effects In Vitro.

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting facial skin. It is associated with immune and vascular dysfunction mediated via increased expression and activity of cathelicidin and kallikrein 5 (KLK5), a serine protease of stratum corneum. Therefore, KLK5 inhibitors are considered as therapeutic agents for improving the underlying pathophysiology and clinical manifestation of rosacea.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Mechanism of Isookanin, Isolated by Bioassay-Guided Fractionation from L.

L. (Asteraceae) has been used historically in traditional Asian medicine and is known to have a variety of biological effects. However, the specific active compounds responsible for the individual pharmacological effects of L.

Franch Directly Inhibits Proteolytic Activation of Kallikrein 5 and Cathelicidin Associated with Rosacea in Epidermal Keratinocytes.

Rosacea is a common and chronic inflammatory skin disease that is characterized by dysfunction of the immune and vascular system. The excessive production and activation of kallikerin 5 (KLK5) and cathelicidin have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rosacea. Franch (CC) has been used as a medicinal herb in traditional oriental medicine.

Inhibitory Effects of L. Extract on 11-HSD1 in Human Skin Cells.

Glucocorticoids are a risk factor for age-induced skin structure and function defects, and the glucocorticoid-activating enzyme, 11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11-HSD1), represents a promising therapeutic target. L. (PV) is a perennial and an edible herbaceous plant normally cultivated in Asia and Europe.

Oxidative Stress-Protective and Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Loliolide and Ethanol Extract from Fresh Water Green Algae, .

Loliolide is a monoterpenoid hydroxylactone found in many algae, including fresh water green algae, . To date, loliolide and compounds in have not been studied systematically with respect to skin pharmacology. In this study, we investigated oxidative stress-protective and anti-melanogenic effects of loliolide and ethanol extract (Pj-EE), known to contain loliolide, in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells and mouse melanoma (B16F10) cells.

Anti-inflammatory effects of Zea mays L. husk extracts.

Background: Zea mays L. (Z. mays) has been used for human consumption in the various forms of meal, cooking oil, thickener in sauces and puddings, sweetener in processed food and beverage products, bio-disel.

Ameliorating Effect of Akebia quinata Fruit Extracts on Skin Aging Induced by Advanced Glycation End Products.

The accumulation of free radicals and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the skin plays a very important role in skin aging. Both are known to interact with each other. Therefore, natural compounds or extracts that possess both antioxidant and antiglycation activities might have great antiageing potential.

The Antiaging Properties of Andrographis paniculata by Activation Epidermal Cell Stemness.

Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata, Chuanxinlian), a medicinal herb with an extremely bitter taste that is native to China and other parts of Southeast Asia, possesses immense therapeutic value; however, its therapeutic properties have rarely been applied in the field of skin care. In this study, we investigated the effect of an A.

Development of Tyrosinase Promoter-Based Fluorescent Assay for Screening of Anti-melanogenic Agents.

For screening of skin-whitening ingredients that modulate inhibition of melanogenesis, tyrosinase promoter-based assay using a three-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture technique is a beneficial tool to improve the accuracy of raw material screening in cosmetics through mimicking of the in vivo microenvironment. Although the advantages of high-throughput screening (HTS) are widely known, there has been little focus on specific cell-based promoter assays for HTS in identifying skin-whitening ingredients that inhibit accumulation of melanin. The aim of this study was therefore to develop a large-scale compatible assay through pTyr-EGFP, an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-based tyrosinase-specific promoter, to seek potential melanogenesis inhibitors for cosmetic use.

Synephrine inhibits eotaxin-1 expression via the STAT6 signaling pathway.

Citrus contain various flavonoids and alkaloids that have multiple biological activities. It is known that the immature Citrus contains larger amounts of bioactive components, than do the mature plants. Although Citrus flavonoids are well known for their biological activities, Citrus alkaloids have not previously been assessed.

Madecassoside inhibits melanin synthesis by blocking ultraviolet-induced inflammation.

Madecassoside (MA), a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Centella asitica (L.), is used as a therapeutic agent in wound healing and also as an anti-inflammatory and anti-aging agent. However, the involvement of MA in skin-pigmentation has not been reported.

Fumaric acid attenuates the eotaxin-1 expression in TNF-α-stimulated fibroblasts by suppressing p38 MAPK-dependent NF-κB signaling.

Eotaxin-1 is a potent chemoattractant for eosinophils and a critical mediator during the development of eosinophilic inflammation. Fumaric acid is an intermediate product of the citric acid cycle, which is source of intracellular energy. Although fumaric acid ameliorates psoriasis and multiple sclerosis, its involvement in eotaxin-1-mediated effects has not been assessed.

Soy peptide-induced stem cell proliferation: involvement of ERK and TGF-β1.

This study was conducted to investigate the proliferative effect of vegetable soy peptides on adult stem cells (ASCs) in the absence of serum and their possible mechanisms of action. The proliferation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (CB-MSCs) treated with soy peptides was found to increase significantly upon 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and Click-iT 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine flow cytometry assay. In addition, soy peptides led to stepwise phosphorylation of the p44/42 MAPK (ERK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p70 S6 kinase, S6 ribosomal protein (S6RP) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) in ADSCs.

Mechanisms of Edible Bird's Nest Extract-Induced Proliferation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells.

Although edible bird's nest (EBN) has been shown to potentiate mitogenic responses, scientific evidence of its efficacy is still limited. In addition, human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are increasingly accepted as a source for stem cell therapy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the EBN extract (EBNE) on the proliferation of hADSCs and its action mechanisms.

Proteolytic cascade for the activation of the insect toll pathway induced by the fungal cell wall component.

The insect Toll signaling pathway is activated upon recognition of Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, resulting in the expression of antimicrobial peptides via NF-kappaB-like transcription factor. This activation is mediated by a serine protease cascade leading to the processing of Spätzle, which generates the functional ligand of the Toll receptor. Recently, we identified three serine proteases mediating Toll pathway activation induced by lysine-type peptidoglycan of Gram-positive bacteria.

The Triacylated ATP Binding Cluster Transporter Substrate-binding Lipoprotein of Staphylococcus aureus Functions as a Native Ligand for Toll-like Receptor 2.

Some synthetic lipopeptides, in addition to native lipoproteins derived from both Gram-negative bacteria and mycoplasmas, are known to activate TLR2 (Toll-like receptor 2). However, the native lipoproteins inherent to Gram-positive bacteria, which function as TLR2 ligands, have not been characterized. Here, we have purified a native lipoprotein to homogeneity from Staphylococcus aureus to study as a native TLR2 ligand.

Molecular control of phenoloxidase-induced melanin synthesis in an insect.

The melanization reaction induced by activated phenoloxidase in arthropods must be tightly controlled because of excessive formation of quinones and excessive systemic melanization damage to the hosts. However, the molecular mechanism by which phenoloxidase-induced melanin synthesis is regulated in vivo is largely unknown. It is known that the Spätzle-processing enzyme is a key enzyme in the production of cleaved Spätzle from pro-Spätzle in the Drosophila Toll pathway.

A three-step proteolytic cascade mediates the activation of the peptidoglycan-induced toll pathway in an insect.

The recognition of lysine-type peptidoglycans (PG) by the PG recognition complex has been suggested to cause activation of the serine protease cascade leading to the processing of Spätzle and subsequent activation of the Toll signaling pathway. So far, two serine proteases involved in the lysine-type PG Toll signaling pathway have been identified. One is a modular serine protease functioning as an initial enzyme to be recruited into the lysine-type PG recognition complex.

Rat liver 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 and betaine homocysteine S-methytransferase were co-purified on Kunitz-type soybean trypsin inhibitor-coupled sepharose CL-4B.

An Asp/His catalytic site of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (FDH) was suggested to have a similar catalytic topology with the Asp/His catalytic site of serine proteases. Many studies supported the hypothesis that serine protease inhibitors can bind and modulate the activity of serine proteases by binding to the catalytic site of serine proteases. To explore the possibility that soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) can recognize catalytic sites of FDH and can make a stable complex, we carried out an SBTI-affinity column by using rat liver homogenate.

Clustering of peptidoglycan recognition protein-SA is required for sensing lysine-type peptidoglycan in insects.

Recognition of lysine-type peptidoglycan by peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP)-SA provokes the activation of the Toll and prophenoloxidase pathways. Here we reveal that a soluble fragment of lysine-type peptidoglycan, a long glycan chain with short stem peptides, is a potent activator of the Drosophila Toll pathway and the prophenoloxidase activation cascade in the beetle Tenebrio molitor. Using this peptidoglycan fragment, we present biochemical evidence that clustering of PGRP-SA molecules on the peptidoglycan is required for the activation of the prophenoloxidase cascade.