Ginkgetin induces cell death in breast cancer cells via downregulation of the estrogen receptor.

Ginkgetin is a natural biflavonoid isolated from the leaves of , and is characterized by its anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities. Although numerous studies state that it has also antitumor activity, the anti-proliferative effect of ginkgetin and the underlying mechanism in breast cancer cells have not yet been investigated. In the present study, ginkgetin inhibited the cell viability of MCF-7 and T-47D cells dose-dependently, and suppressed the expression of the estrogen receptor (ER) at the mRNA and protein levels.

Psychometric Properties of the Hypomania Checklist-32 in Korean Patients with Mood Disorders.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the Korean version of the Hypomania Checklist-32, second revision (HCL-32-R2) in mood disorder patients.

Methods: A total of 454 patients who diagnosed as mood disorder according to Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, clinician version (SCID-CV) (bipolar disorder [BD] I, n=190; BD-II, n=72; and major depressive disorder [MDD], n=192) completed the Korean module of the HCL-32-R2 (KHCL-32-R2).

Results: The KHCL-32-R2 showed a three-factorial structure (eigenvalue ＞2) that accounted for 43.

Chondroid Syringoma on Face.

Chondroid syringoma is a rare mixed tumor of the skin which is composed of both mesenchymal and epithelial cells. Its incidence at less than 0.1% and is frequently located on the head and neck.

Effects of High-Dose α-Lipoic Acid on Heart Rate Variability of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Korea.

Background: Diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is one of the important complications of diabetes. It is characterized by reduced heart rate variability (HRV).

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial, 75 patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups.

Reduction in microalbuminuria by calcium channel blockers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension-A randomized, open-label, active-controlled, superiority, parallel-group clinical trial.

Background: It has been suggested that renoprotection with calcium channel blockers (CCBs) may differ. This study aimed to compare the anti-proteinuric effect of different CCBs in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: A multicentre, randomized, open-label, active-controlled study was performed in seven centres in Korea.

Transetherification of 2,4-dimethoxynitrobenzene by aromatic nucleophilic substitution.

In view of the few reports concerning aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions featuring an alkoxy group as a leaving group, the aromatic nucleophilic substitution of 2,4-dimethoxynitrobenzene was investigated with a bulky t-butoxide nucleophile under microwave irradiation. The transetherification of 2,4-dimethoxynitrobenezene with sodium t-butoxide under specific conditions, namely for 20 min at 110°C in 10% dimethoxyethane in toluene, afforded the desired product in 87% yield with exclusive ortho-selectivity. A variety of reaction conditions were screened to obtain the maximum yield.

Korean Medication Algorithm for Depressive Disorder: Comparisons with Other Treatment Guidelines.

In this review, we compared recommendations from the Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Depressive Disorder 2017 (KMAP-DD 2017) to other global treatment guidelines for depression. Six global treatment guidelines were reviewed; among the six, 4 were evidence-based guidelines, 1 was an expert consensus-based guideline, and 1 was an amalgamation of both evidence and expert consensus-based recommendations. The recommendations in the KMAP-DD 2017 were generally similar to those in other global treatment guidelines, although there were some differences between the guidelines.

Identification of aminosulfonylarylisoxazole as microRNA-31 regulators.

The discovery of small-molecule regulators of microRNAs remains challenging, but a few have been reported. Herein, we describe small-molecule inhibitors of miR-31, a tumor-associated microRNA (miRNA), identified by high-throughput screening using a cell-based reporter assay. Aminosulfonylarylisoxazole compounds exhibited higher specificity for miR-31 than for six other miRNAs, i.

Mussel-inspired poly(L-DOPA)-templated mineralization for calcium phosphate-assembled intracellular nanocarriers.

We developed a calcium phosphate (CaP)-assembled polymer nanocarrier for intracellular doxorubicin (DOX) delivery based on a mussel-inspired mineralization approach. A DOX-loaded core-shell polymer nanoparticle (DOX-NP) consisting of a poly(3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine) (PDOPA) core and a poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) shell was utilized as a nanotemplate for CaP mineralization. The mean hydrodynamic diameter of the DOX-loaded CaP-mineralized polymer nanoparticles (DOX-CaP-NPs) was 154.

Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159.

Despite continuous efforts to control cariogenic dental biofilms, very few effective antimicrobial treatments exist. In this study, we characterized the activity of the novel synthetic cyclic lipopeptide 4 (CLP-4), derived from fusaricidin, against the cariogenic pathogen UA159. We determined CLP-4's MIC, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and spontaneous resistance frequency, and we performed time-kill assays.

Cognitive avoidance and aversive cues related to tobacco in male smokers.

Background: Treatment using aversive conditioning has been suggested for smoking cessation. The efficacy of this method is thought to be associated with cognitive avoidance. We compare differences in avoidance traits and patterns of associated brain activation in response to cues that induce cravings versus aversion between smokers and non-smokers.

Differences in Resting-state Quantitative Electroencephalography Patterns in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder with or without Comorbid Symptoms.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of comorbid psychiatric symptoms on quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) activities in boys with the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: All participants were male students in the second, third or fourth grade in elementary school. Therefore, there were no significant differences in age or sex.

Addition of Ipragliflozin to Metformin Treatment in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Subgroup Analysis of a Phase 3 Trial.

Background: This is a subgroup analysis of Korean patients from a phase 3 clinical trial investigating the efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin.

Methods: This multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study was carried out between November 2011 and January 2013. Patients entered a 2-week placebo pretreatment period, followed by a 24-week treatment period with either ipragliflozin (50 mg/day) or placebo, while continuing metformin.

Development of Sialic Acid-coated Nanoparticles for Targeting Cancer and Efficient Evasion of the Immune System.

Evading the reticuloendothelial system (RES) remains a critical challenge in the development of efficient delivery and diagnostic systems for cancer. Sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid, Neu5Ac) is recognized as a "self" marker by major serum protein complement factor H and shows reduced interaction with the innate immune system sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec), which is known as one of the significant regulators of phagocytic evasion. Accordingly, we prepared different surface-modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and investigated the effects of sialic acid on cellular and immune responses of nanoparticles and .

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure enhances inflammatory response and inhibits effect of antioxidant in RAW 264.7 cells.

In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the number and variety of electronic devices that emit electromagnetic waves. Because people live and work in close proximity to these pieces of electrical equipment, there is growing concern surrounding the destruction of homeostasis by electromagnetic field exposure. In the present study, the effects of 60 Hz 0.

Social and Clinical Characteristics of Immigrants with Tuberculosis in South Korea.

Purpose: To determine the social and clinical characteristics of immigrants with tuberculosis (TB) in South Korea.

Materials And Methods: The registered adult TB patients who were diagnosed and treated in Korea Medical Centers from January 2013 to December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 105 immigrants with TB were compared to 932 native Korean TB patients.

Effect of Enhancers on and Skin Permeation and Deposition of S-Methyl--Methionine.

S-methyl--methionine (SMM), also known as vitamin U, is commercially available as skin care cosmetic products for its wound healing and photoprotective effects. However, the low skin permeation expected of SMM due to its hydrophilic nature with a log P value of -3.3, has not been thoroughly addressed.

A functional connectivity comparison between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder in medication-naïve adolescents with mood fluctuation and attention problems.

In order to compare patterns of connectivity between affective and attention networks in adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), we investigated differences in resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) between these populations. Study participants were medication-naïve adolescents (aged 13-18 years) with BD (N=22) or ADHD (N=25) and age- and sex-matched healthy adolescents (healthy controls [HC]) (N=22). Forty-seven adolescents with mood fluctuation and attention problems showed increased functional correlation (FC) between two pairs of regions within the affective network (AFN), compared to 22 HC: the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) to the left thalamus and the left OFC to the right thalamus.

Fixed Food Eruption Caused by Actinidia arguta (Hardy Kiwi): A Case Report and Literature Review.

Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a common hypersensitivity reaction characterized by recurrent, well-circumscribed, erythematous patches that arise at the same site as a result of systemic drug exposure. However, fixed food eruption (FFE), a lesion triggered by food ingestion, is a rare allergy that was first defined in 1996. Based on their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, the fruit and leaves of Actinidia arguta, the hardy kiwi, are widely consumed across Korea, Japan, and China.

Facile Synthesis of Highly Crystalline and Large Areal Hexagonal Boron Nitride from Borazine Oligomers.

A novel and facile synthetic method for h-BN films from borazine oligomer (BNH) precursors has been developed. This method only includes spin-coating of borazine oligomer onto nickel catalysts and a subsequent annealing step. Large areal and highly crystalline h-BN films were obtained.

Assessment of ovarian reserve after hysterectomy: Laparoscopic vs. non-laparoscopic surgery.

Objectives: To evaluate changes of ovarian reserve after hysterectomy by comparing serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels following laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH) to those of non-laparoscopic hysterectomy (non-LH).

Methods: Prospectively, serum AMH levels were measured pre-operatively (AMH0), 7days (AMH1), 2 months (AMH2), and 6 months (AMH3) after LH (total laparoscopic hysterectomy or laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy) and non-LH (vaginal hysterectomy or abdominal hysterectomy) in 91 premenopausal women (LH=60, non-LH=31). Changes of serum AMH levels were compared between the two groups.

Comparison of 7T and 3T MRI in patients with moyamoya disease.

Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography (MRI/MRA) are widely used for evaluating the moyamoya disease (MMD). This study compared the diagnostic accuracy of 7Tesla (T) and 3T MRI/MRA in MMD. In this case control study, 12 patients [median age: 34years; range (10-66years)] with MMD and 12 healthy controls [median age: 25years; range (22-59years)] underwent both 7T and 3T MRI/MRA.

Osteomyelitis following Domestic Animal Bites to the Hand: Two Case Reports and Practical Guidelines.

Recently, the number of cases of animal bite wounds has increased significantly in concordance with an increase in the pet population around the world. The authors report two rare cases of osteomyelitis of the phalanx following cat and dog bites. On initial physical examination, signs of a severe infection were observed.