Unveiling Risk Factors for Treatment Failure in Patients with Graves' Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea.

Background: Antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment is the preferred initial treatment for Graves' disease (GD) in South Korea, despite higher treatment failure rates than radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy or thyroidectomy. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of treatment failure associated with the primary modalities for GD treatment in real-world practice.

Methods: We included 452,001 patients diagnosed with GD between 2004 and 2020 from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Information Database.

GPR40-full agonist AM1638 alleviates palmitate-induced oxidative damage in H9c2 cells via an AMPK-dependent pathway.

G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is gaining recognition as a potential therapeutic target for several metabolic disturbances, such as hyperglycemia and excessive inflammation. GPR40 is expressed in various tissues, including the heart; however, its specific roles in cardiomyocytes remain unknown. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether treatment with AM1638, a GPR40-full agonist, reduces palmitate-mediated cell damage in H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes.

Identification and characterization of 17 novel polynucleotide microsatellite markers in Ocypode stimpsoni (Decapoda: Ocypodidae).

Objective: The ghost crab Ocypode stimpsoni (Decapoda) is designated as a protected marine species in Korea due to its declining population. In this study, we successfully identified 17 microsatellite markers for O. stimpsoni through next-generation sequencing.

Association of remnant cholesterol with sarcopenia in Korean adults: a nationwide population-based study using data from the KNHANES.

Background: Mounting evidence indicates the importance of the interplay between skeletal muscles and lipid metabolism. Remnant cholesterol (remnant-C) is considered one of the principal residual risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders; however, there are limited studies on the impact of remnant-C on sarcopenia.

Methods: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) between 2008 and 2011 were used in this nationwide population-based study.

Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin add-on to evogliptin plus metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin versus placebo as an add-on in patients with type 2 diabetes who did not achieve adequate glycaemic control with evogliptin and metformin combination.

Patients And Methods: In this multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 trial, patients with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ≥7.0% (≥53 mmol/mol) and ≤10.

Comparison of laser and traditional lancing devices for capillary blood sampling in patients with diabetes mellitus and high bleeding risk.

Purpose: Despite the importance of self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) for management of diabetes mellitus (DM), frequent blood sampling is discouraged by bleeding risk due to dual-antiplatelet agent therapy (DAPT) or thrombocytopenia.

Methods: We compared the bleeding time (BT) of sampling by using a laser-lancing-device (LMT-1000) and a conventional lancet in patients with DM and thrombocytopenia or patients undergoing DAPT. BT was measured using the Duke method, and pain and satisfaction scores were assessed using numeric rating scale (NRS) and visual analog scale (VAS).

Bidirectional crosstalk between bone and muscle: the role of RANKL pathway in osteosarcopenia.

Osteosarcopenia, which refers to the concomitant presence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia, is expected to increase in the rapidly progressive aging world, with serious clinical implications. However, the pathophysiology of osteosarcopenia has not been fully elucidated, and no optimal treatment specific to osteosarcopenia is available. The RANKL-RANK pathway is widely used as a therapeutic target for osteoporosis.

Efficacy and Safety of Alogliptin-Pioglitazone Combination for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Poorly Controlled with Metformin: A Multicenter, Double-Blind Randomized Trial.

Backgruound: Guidelines for switching to triple combination therapy directly after monotherapy failure are limited. This study investigated the efficacy, long-term sustainability, and safety of either mono or dual add-on therapy using alogliptin and pioglitazone for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who did not achieve their target glycemic range with metformin monotherapy.

Methods: The Practical Evidence of Antidiabetic Combination Therapy in Korea (PEAK) was a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial.

Cancer Risk in Graves Disease with Radioactive I Treatment: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Radioactive I (RAI) therapy has potential effects for the treatment of Graves disease (GD). However, whether RAI therapy for GD increases cancer risk remains controversial in medicine and public health. We aimed to investigate whether the risk of cancer increases in patients with GD receiving RAI therapy compared with those who did not.

Remnant cholesterol is an independent risk factor for the incidence of chronic kidney disease in newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population-based study.

Aims: To evaluate the impact of remnant cholesterol (remnant-C) on chronic kidney disease (CKD) incidence in newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used Korean National Health Insurance Service data on 212,836 patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes between 2009 and 2014. We conducted cox regression analysis to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for developing CKD according to remnant-C tertile.

Gut hormones and appetite regulation.

Purpose Of Review: Various gut hormones interact with the brain through delicate communication, thereby influencing appetite and subsequent changes in body weight. This review summarizes the effects of gut hormones on appetite, with a focus on recent research.

Recent Findings: Ghrelin is known as an orexigenic hormone, whereas glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), cholecystokinin (CCK), postprandial peptide YY (PYY), and oxyntomodulin (OXM) are known as anorexigenic hormones.

Attention to Innate Circadian Rhythm and the Impact of Its Disruption on Diabetes.

Novel strategies are required to reduce the risk of developing diabetes and/or clinical outcomes and complications of diabetes. In this regard, the role of the circadian system may be a potential candidate for the prevention of diabetes. We reviewed evidence from animal, clinical, and epidemiological studies linking the circadian system to various aspects of the pathophysiology and clinical outcomes of diabetes.

Ischaemic stroke in patients with diabetes requiring urgent procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea: a retrospective, nationwide, population-based cohort study using data from the National Emergency Department Information System.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in suboptimal care for ischaemic stroke. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), a high-risk group for stroke, had compromised routine care during the pandemic, which increases the chance of stroke. We examined influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of ischaemic stroke in patients with DM in South Korea.

Zirconium-Based Metal-Organic Framework Capable of Binding Proinflammatory Mediators in Hydrogel Form Promotes Wound Healing Process through a Multiscale Adsorption Mechanism.

The regulation of proinflammatory mediators has been explored to promote natural healing without abnormal inflammation or autoimmune response induced by their overproduction. However, most efforts to control these mediators have relied on pharmacological substances that are directly engaged in biological cycles. It is believed that functional porous materials removing target mediators provide a new way to promote the healing process using their adsorption mechanisms.

AM1638, a GPR40-Full Agonist, Inhibited Palmitate- Induced ROS Production and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Enhancing HUVEC Viability in an NRF2-Dependent Manner.

Backgruound: G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is a key molecule in diabetes and fatty liver, but its role in endothelial dysfunction remains unclear. Our objective in this study was to determine whether GPR40 agonists protect endothelial cells against palmitatemediated oxidative stress.

Methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to investigate effects of various GPR40 agonists on vascular endothelium.

Clinical and Lifestyle Determinants of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics in Insulin-Treated Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Backgruound: There was limited evidence to evaluate the association between lifestyle habits and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics. Thus, we aimed to depict the behavioral and metabolic determinants of CGM metrics in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: This is a prospective observational study.

Additive impact of diabetes and sarcopenia on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: A longitudinal nationwide population-based study.

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and sarcopenia (SP) are growing public health concerns in an aging society, which share common pathophysiological mechanisms and are associated with serious health consequences. We investigated the impact of DM and SP on all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities in a longitudinal nationwide population-based study.

Methods: The study analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2008 and 2011, including information on appendicular skeletal muscle mass data.

Risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adult patients with atopic dermatitis.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in adults newly diagnosed with atopic dermatitis (AD).

Methods: This propensity score-matching cohort study used data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) 2.0 database in South Korea from 2002 to 2015.

A Novel Anthropometric Parameter, Weight-Adjusted Waist Index Represents Sarcopenic Obesity in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: As the metabolic significance of sarcopenic obesity (SO) is revealed, finding an appropriate index to detect SO is important, especially for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with accompanying metabolic dysfunction.

Methods: Participants (n=515) from the Korea Guro Diabetes Program were included to compare how well waist circumference (WC), waist hip ratio (WHR), waist height ratio (WHtR), and the weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) predict SO in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. Sarcopenia was defined based on guidelines from the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia as both low muscle mass (appendicular skeletal muscle [ASM]/height <7.

Impact of diabetes on emergency care of acute myocardial infarction patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a nationwide population-based study.

Background: Although acute myocardial infarction (AMI) requires timely intervention, limited nationwide data is available regarding the association between disruption of emergency services and outcomes of patients with AMI during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Moreover, whether diabetes mellitus (DM) adversely affects disease severity in these patients has not yet been investigated.

Methods: This nationwide population-based study analyzed 45,648 patients with AMI, using data from the national registry of emergency departments (ED) in Korea.

Interplay of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue: sarcopenic obesity.

Sarcopenic obesity is becoming a global health concern, owing to the rising older population, causing cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. Loss of muscle exceeding normal age-related changes has been revealed to be associated with obesity, aggravating each other through complex interactions. Physiological regeneration and proliferation of muscle tissue are achieved through harmonious processes of regulated inflammation, autophagy, muscle satellite cell proliferation, and signaling molecule function.

Hormonal Gut-Brain Signaling for the Treatment of Obesity.

The brain, particularly the hypothalamus and brainstem, monitors and integrates circulating metabolic signals, including gut hormones. Gut-brain communication is also mediated by the vagus nerve, which transmits various gut-derived signals. Recent advances in our understanding of molecular gut-brain communication promote the development of next-generation anti-obesity medications that can safely achieve substantial and lasting weight loss comparable to metabolic surgery.

Evaluation and Management of Patients With Diabetes and Heart Failure: A Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Heart Failure Consensus Statement.

Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for the development of heart failure. Furthermore, the prognosis of heart failure is worse in patients with diabetes mellitus than in those without it. Therefore, early diagnosis and proper management of heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus are important.