Imaging Features of Soft-Tissue Calcifications and Related Diseases: A Systematic Approach.

Soft-tissue calcification refers to a broad category of lesions. Calcifications are frequently identified by radiologists in daily practice. Using a simple algorithm based on the distribution pattern of the lesions and detailed clinical information, these calcified lesions can be systematically evaluated.

Osseous Injury Associated With Ligamentous Tear of the Knee.

One of the most common knee injuries is ligament tear, which may initially manifest as an osseous injury in radiographs. Radiologists should therefore be able to recognize ligament tears of the knee as osseous abnormalities in images. This review focuses on the imaging features of knee ligament injuries and their related osseous injuries: anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear with Segond fracture; associated marrow contusion; ACL avulsion fracture; posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tear with osseous avulsion of the ligament including arcuate sign; reverse Segond fracture; PCL avulsion fracture; medial collateral ligament tear with Pellegrini-Stieda disease; lateral collateral ligament tear with avulsion fracture of the fibular head; and patellar ligament injuries with Osgood-Schlatter and Sinding-Larsen-Johansson.

Validity of Intraoral Scans Compared with Plaster Models: An In-Vivo Comparison of Dental Measurements and 3D Surface Analysis.

Purpose: Dental measurements have been commonly taken from plaster dental models obtained from alginate impressions can. Through the use of an intraoral scanner, digital impressions now acquire the information directly from the mouth. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the intraoral scans compared to plaster models.

Lead-induced impairments in the neural processes related to working memory function.

Background: It is well known that lead exposure induces neurotoxic effects, which can result in a variety of neurocognitive dysfunction. Especially, occupational lead exposures in adults are associated with decreases in cognitive performance including working memory. Despite recent advances in human neuroimaging techniques, the neural correlates of lead-exposed cognitive impairment remain unclear.

Desmoplastic fibroma of bone in a toe: radiographic and MRI findings.

Desmoplastic fibroma is a rare benign primary bone tumor that is histologically similar to the soft tissue desmoid tumor. It most often involves the mandible, large long bone or iliac bone. Desmoplastic fibroma in a toe has been extremely rarely reported.

Spectrum of superficial nerve-related tumor and tumor-like lesions: MRI features.

Superficial soft-tissue masses arising from skin appendages, metastasis, and inflammatory lesions have been widely reported. However, nerve-related superficial mass-like lesions other than peripheral nerve sheath tumors are less commonly described. High resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent non-invasive tool for the evaluation of such lesions.

Bone marrow edema pattern around the knee on magnetic resonance imaging excluding acute traumatic lesions.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is very sensitive for the detection of marrow abnormalities. Bone marrow edema on MRI has been defined as an area of low signal intensity on T1-weighted images, associated with intermediate or high signal intensity findings on T2-weighted images. The bone marrow edema pattern is a nonspecific finding with multiple etiologies.

MR imaging findings of high-voltage electrical burns in the upper extremities: correlation with angiographic findings.

Background: A high-voltage electrical burn is often associated with deep muscle injuries. Hidden, undetected deep muscle injuries have a tendency for progressive tissue necrosis, and this can lead to major amputations or sepsis. MRI has excellent soft tissue contrast and it may aid in differentiating the areas of viable deep muscle from the areas of non-viable deep muscle.

The differences in neural network activity between methamphetamine abusers and healthy subjects performing an emotion-matching task: functional MRI study.

Methamphetamine (MA) abusers commonly exhibit socially problematic behaviors, such as diminished empathy, decreased emotional regulation and interpersonal violence, which may be attributable to alterations in emotional experience. However, few studies have used functional MRI to examine directly the emotional experience of threatening or fearful non-face images in MA abusers. In this study, we investigated possible differences in neural correlates of negative emotional experiences between abstinent MA abusers and healthy subjects using complex visual scenes depicting fear or threat derived from the International Affective Picture System.

Subungual tumors: clinicopathologic correlation with US and MR imaging findings.

Various types of tumors can affect the subungual space, including benign solid tumors (glomus tumor, subungual exostosis, soft-tissue chondroma, keratoacanthoma, hemangioma, lobular capillary hemangioma), benign cystic lesions (epidermal and mucoid cysts), and malignant tumors (squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma). Imaging plays an important role in the detection and differentiation of subungual tumors because of their small size, nonspecific clinical manifestations, and functional significance. Ultrasonography (US)-in particular, high-resolution US with color Doppler studies-provides useful information regarding tumor size, location, shape, and internal characteristics (cystic, solid, or mixed), but it is limited in the further characterization of tissue.

Nuchal-type fibroma of the buttock: magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Nuchal-type fibroma, first described in 1988 by Enzinger and Weiss, is a rare fibrous growth occurring predominantly in the interscapular and paraspinous regions. It is typically located in the subcutaneous tissue of the posterior neck but may occur in extranuchal soft tissue sites such as the upper back, shoulder, and facial regions. In this article, we describe the magnetic resonance imaging findings of a nuchal-type fibroma that involved the buttock in a 45-year-old woman, and we review and discuss the literature on the subject.

Lobular capillary hemangioma in the soft tissue of the finger: sonographic findings.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the sonographic findings of pathologically confirmed subcutaneous lobular capillary hemangioma of the finger in six patients.

Materials And Methods: The clinical records were reviewed for data, including the patients' age and gender, the clinical presentation, a history of trauma, and the tumor site. The sonographic findings were retrospectively analyzed for the specific location within the superficial tissue, the tumor's size, shape, and margin, the internal echogenicity, the internal echo texture, the presence of calcification, the presence of a hypoechoic rim, and the internal vascularity.

Ultrasound diagnosis of either an occult or missed fracture of an extremity in pediatric-aged children.

Objective: To report and assess the usefulness of ultrasound (US) findings for occult fractures of growing bones.

Materials And Methods: For six years, US scans were performed in children younger than 15 years who were referred with trauma-related local pain and swelling of the extremities. As a routine US examination, the soft tissue, bones, and adjacent joints were examined in the area of discomfort, in addition to the asymptomatic contralateral extremity for comparison.

Three-dimensional osseous micro-architecture of the distal humerus: implications for internal fixation of osteoporotic fracture.

Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze 3-dimensional structural parameters of cortical and trabecular bone in the distal humerus using quantitative CT and to find regional variations and differences according to age.

Methods: We collected 14 cadaveric distal humeri with an average age of 58.4 years.

CT and MRI findings of calcified spinal meningiomas: correlation with pathological findings.

Objective: This study was designed to present characteristic CT and MR findings of calcified spinal meningiomas that correlate with pathological findings and to assess the efficacy of CT for the detection of calcifications within a mass in comparison to MRI.

Materials And Methods: Between 1998 and 2009, 10 out of 11 patients who had pathologically confirmed psammomatous meningiomas showed gross calcifications on CT images and were included in this study. On CT scans of the 10 patients, the distribution pattern, morphology and number of calcifications within masses were evaluated.

Erosive arthropathy with osteolysis as a typical feature in polyfibromatosis syndrome: a case report and a review of the literature.

Polyfibromatosis syndrome is a rare disease entity that is characterized by various clinical features such as palmar, plantar, and penile fibromatoses, keloid formations of the skin, and erosive arthropathy. Its precise pathophysiology or etiology remains unclear. In addition to distinctive diverse skin manifestations, patients with polyfibromatosis have been previously reported to show erosive arthropathy with significant limitation of movement at affected joints.

Intracortical lipoma of the femur.

Intracortical lipoma is an extremely rare benign primary bone tumor. We encountered a case of an intracortical lipoma found incidentally in the femur of a 31-year-old female. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of the femur demonstrated an intracortical fatty lesion in the posterolateral aspect of the diaphysis.

Non-infectious ischiogluteal bursitis: MRI findings.

Objective: We wished to report on the MRI findings of non-infectious ischiogluteal bursitis.

Materials And Methods: The MRI findings of 17 confirmed cases of non-infectious ischiogluteal bursitis were analyzed: four out of the 17 cases were confirmed with surgery, and the remaining 13 cases were confirmed with MRI plus the clinical data.

Results: The enlarged bursae were located deep to the gluteus muscles and postero-inferior to the ischial tuberosity.