Traumatic Atlanto-occipital Dislocation: Analysis of 15 Survival Cases With Emphasis on Associated Upper Cervical Spine Injuries.

Study Design: Retrospective case analyses.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and characteristics of associated upper cervical spine injuries in 15 survival cases of traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation (AOD).

Summary Of Background Data: Traumatic AOD is a rare and generally fatal injury.

Prognosis of Hardware-Related Problems in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with Cage and Plate Constructs.

Objective: To analyze hardware-related problems and their prognoses after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) using cages and plates for degenerative and traumatic cervical disc diseases.

Methods: The study included 808 patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for degenerative and traumatic disc diseases with >1 year of follow-up. We investigated time of onset and progression of problems associated with instrumentation and cage usage.

Clinical and radiological outcomes of conservative treatment for unilateral sagittal split fractures of C1 lateral mass.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of transverse atlantal ligament (TAL) integrity on clinical and radiological outcomes in patients with unilateral sagittal split fracture (USSF) of the C1 lateral mass (LM).

Methods: Twenty-six consecutive patients (16 men and 10 women; mean age: 52 years (range: 32-69)) with C1 LM USSF were included in this study. Sixteen were TAL injury group (nine of type I injuries and seven of type II injuries according to Dickman's classification) and ten were TAL intact group.

Radiologic criteria to predict injury of the transverse atlantal ligament in unilateral sagittal split fractures of the C1 lateral mass.

Unilateral sagittal split fracture (USSF) of the C1 lateral mass (LM) has been recently recognized as a rare variant of C1 atlas fracture. To date, there has been no study to investigate whether radiologic criteria can be applied to determine the presence or absence of transverse atlantal ligament (TAL) injury in USSF of the C1 LM.Twenty six consecutive cases of USSF of the C1 LM were included in this study.

Etiology and Related Factors of Postoperative Delirium in Orthopedic Surgery.

Background: Delirium is a serious complication for elderly patients after orthopedic surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the etiology and related factors of delirium after orthopedic surgery in Korea.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 3,611 patients over 50 years who had orthopedic surgery.

Esophageal Perforation after Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective case analyses.

Purpose: To investigate the causes, diagnosis, and management of esophageal perforation, depending on the time of diagnosis.

Overview Of Literature: To date, few studies have addressed these issues.

Acute airway obstruction due to postoperative retropharyngeal hematoma after anterior cervical fusion: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Acute airway obstruction (AAO) after anterior cervical fusion (ACF) can be caused by postoperative retropharyngeal hematoma, which requires urgent recognition and treatment. However, the causes, evaluation, and appropriate treatment of this complication are not clearly defined. The purpose of this retrospective review of a prospective database was to investigate etiologic factors related to the development of AAO due to postoperative hematoma after ACF and formulate appropriate prevention and treatment guidelines.

Relationship between magnetic resonance imaging findings and spinal cord injury in extension injury of the cervical spine.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and neurologic symptoms in cervical spine extension injury and to analyze the MRI parameters associated with neurologic outcome.

Materials And Methods: This study included 102 patients with cervical spine extension injury, whose medical records and MRI scans at the time of injury were available. Quantitative MRI parameters such as maximum spinal canal compression (MSCC), maximum cord compromise (MCC), and lesion length showing intramedullary signal changes were measured.

Prognostic Factors for Postsurgical Recovery of Deltoid Palsy due to Cervical Disc Herniations.

Study Design: Retrospective multicenter study.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate prognostic factors affecting postsurgical recovery of deltoid palsy due to cervical disc herniation (CDH).

Overview Of Literature: Little information is available about prognostic factors affecting postsurgical recovery of deltoid palsy due to CDH.

Limitation of previous Allen classification and subaxial cervical spine injury classification (SLIC) system in distractive-extension injury of cervical spine: proposal of modified classification system.

Purpose: To verify the clinical applicability of a modified classification system in distractive-extension cervical spine injury that reflects the degrees of soft tissue damage and spinal cord injury while complementing previous Allen classification and subaxial cervical spine injury classification (SLIC) system.

Methods: A total of 195 patients with cervical spine distraction-extension (DE) injury were retrospectively classified. We added stages IIIA (with concomitant spinal cord injury without bony abnormalities) and IIIB (with concomitant additional soft tissue swelling) to the existing stages I and II of the Allen classification.

Is OPLL-induced canal stenosis a risk factor of cord injury in cervical trauma?

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between trauma severity and the degree of cord injury in patients with ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). Four-hundred-one patients were classified into Group A (OPLL(+)), Group B (spinal stenosis (+) and OPLL(-)), and Group C (OPLL (-) and spinal stenosis(-)). Trauma severity and neurological injury severity were compared according to presence of OPLL and spinal stenosis.

Adjacent segment pathology following anterior decompression and fusion using cage and plate for the treatment of degenerative cervical spinal diseases.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Purpose: To analyze the incidence and prevalence of clinical adjacent segment pathology (CASP) following anterior decompression and fusion with cage and plate augmentation for degenerative cervical diseases.

Overview Of Literature: No long-term data on the use of cage and plate augmentation have been reported.

Current concepts of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a review of literature.

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a safe and effective procedure for degenerative cervical spinal disease unresponsive to conservative management and its outstanding results have been reported. To increase fusion rates and decrease complications, numerous graft materials, cage, anterior plating and total disc replacement have been developed, and better results were reported from those, but still there are areas that have not been established. Therefore, we are going to analyze the treatment outcome with the various procedure through the literature review and determine the efficacy of ACDF.

The clinical efficacy of short-term steroid treatment in multilevel anterior cervical arthrodesis.

Background Context: Dysphagia is the most common complication of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), and it is closely related to prevertebral soft-tissue swelling (PSTS). A few studies have found that local or systemic methylprednisolone is effective against laryngopharyngeal edema and airway obstruction.

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of short-term use of systemic methylprednisolone in relieving dysphagia and decreasing PSTS during the hospitalization period.

Relationship Between Percutaneous Procedures and Lumbar Infections Based on Data From The National Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service of Korea.

Study Design: A study from the National health insurance database.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between percutaneous procedures or open surgeries and spinal infections using the 5-year large unit national dataset.

Summary Of Background Data: There is no nation-based research data on the relationship between percutaneous procedures and spinal infections in Korea.

Prognostic factors in distractive extension injuries of the subaxial cervical spine.

Background: The subaxial spine has high risk of fatal damage by trauma and thereby requires more accurate and aggressive treatment. For the proper treatment and predicting the prognosis, the evaluation to reveal the risk factors for the prognosis is important. We analyzed the various factors contributing to the prognosis in distractive extension injuries of the subaxial cervical spine.

Risk factors for the development of adjacent segment disease following anterior cervical arthrodesis for degenerative cervical disease: comparison between fusion methods.

This study aimed to determine the risk factors for developing adjacent segment disease (ASDz) after anterior cervical arthrodesis for the treatment of degenerative cervical disease by analyzing patients treated with various fusion methods. We enrolled 242 patients who had undergone anterior cervical fusion for degenerative cervical disease, and had at least 5years of follow-up. We evaluated the development of ASDz and the rate of revision surgery.

Positional change of hyoid bone after anesthesia in anterior surgery of upper cervical spine.

Background Context: The hyoid bone is used as a landmark in anterior upper cervical spine operations and is supposed to represent the level of C3 body. However, this correspondence between hyoid bone position and cervical level is not static and changes during surgery (extension after anesthesia).

Purpose: To find the cervical level corresponding to the position of hyoid bone before and after anesthesia and to evaluate the adequacy of its usage as a surgical landmark.

Efficacy of combined anteroposterior fusion with no plate versus anterior fusion alone with cage and plate for multilevel degenerative cervical disease.

Background Context: Many studies have reported that anterior fusion alone has high rates of complications, such as pseudoarthrosis, graft subsidence, and graft dislodgement, with multisegmental constructs. No previous studies have compared the outcomes of combined anteroposterior fusion with no plate and anterior fusion alone with a cage and plate.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of combined anteroposterior fusion with that of anterior fusion alone for the treatment of multisegmental degenerative cervical disorder.

Comparison of the osteogenic potential of bone dust and iliac bone chip.

Background Context: There is no comparative study of the in vitro and in vivo osteogenic potential of iliac bone chips (autogenous iliac cancellous bone chips) compared with bone dusts generated during the decortication process with a high-speed burr in spine fracture or fusion surgery.

Purpose: To compare the osteogenic potential of three sizes of bone dusts with iliac bone chips and to determine whether bone dusts can be used as a bone graft substitute.

Study Design: In vitro and in vivo study.

Treatment of irreducible bilateral cervical facet fracture-dislocation with a prolapsed disc using a prefixed polyetheretherketone cage and plate system.

When anterior reduction fail in the surgical treatment of cervical bilateral facet fracture-dislocation with concomitant disc extrusion, it is necessary to perform a reduction using a posterior approach and then a third anterior procedure is often necessary to accomplish the anterior reconstruction. This presents difficulties for both patients and surgeons because of the need for frequent position changes (supine-prone-supine). The purpose of this study is to illustrate a modified surgical technique, which is anterior reduction and fixation with a prefixed polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage to a buttress plate for the treatment of irreducible bilateral cervical facet fracture-dislocation with a prolapsed disc is an enhancing technique for the stability of the interbody graft than a buttress plate alone because the PEEK cage has more fixation power and reduces both the number of position changes and the length of the operation.

In vivo inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein-2 on breast cancer cell growth.

Study Design: In vitro and in vivo study.

Objective: To evaluate the role of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP2) on breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231 cells) growth.

Summary Of Background Data: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are expressed in a variety of human carcinoma cell lines and are known to promote tumor invasion and metastasis.

Three- and four-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with a PEEK cage and plate construct.

Introduction: Three- or four-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with autograft and plate fixation have demonstrated relatively good fusion rates and outcomes, but donor site morbidity and the limitations of autograft harvest remain problematic. The purpose of this study is to assess the radiographic and clinical outcomes of three- or four-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with a PEEK cage and plate construct.

Methods: This retrospective review included 43 consecutive patients who underwent three- or four-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with a PEEK cage and plate construct (three level: 39 cases, four level: 4 cases).

Pediatric odontoid fracture causing Brown-Sequard syndrome: a case report.

An odontoid fracture leading to Brown-Sequard syndrome (BSS) is an uncommon condition with only seven cases reported to date. To our knowledge, there are no reports of occurrence in paediatric patients. We report a paediatric odontoid fracture leading to Brown-Sequard syndrome (BSS) with satisfactory recovery following surgical treatment.

Changes in Dermatomal Somatosensory Evoked Potentials according to Stimulation Intensity and Severity of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Objective: To investigate the change of latency of cervical dermatomal somatosensory evoked potential (DSEP) according to stimulation intensity (SI) and severity of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

Methods: Stimulation sites were the C6, C7, and C8 dermatomal areas. Two stimulation intensities 1.