Regression course of ostium granulomas under topical intranasal steroids coverage after endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.

This study aimed to elucidate the regression process of ostium granulomas under the usage of intranasal steroid after primary endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). The authors retrospectively reviewed 57 patients (a total of 72 ostia) who had ostium granulomas after primary endoscopic DCR between 2011 and 2015. Topical intranasal steroid spray was applied in all the patients since postoperative day 1.

Lateral Rectus Muscle Entrapment in Complex Orbital Fracture in a Child.

A 6-year-old boy presented with a lateral rectus muscle entrapment in a complex orbital fracture sustained during bicycle riding. He was diagnosed with a skull-base fracture with pneumocephalus and zygomatic and inferior orbital wall fractures at another hospital. The zygomatic fracture and pneumocephalus were treated conservatively.

Efficacy of tocilizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe corticosteroid-resistant thyroid eye disease: a prospective study.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of intravenous tocilizumab (TCZ) injection in patients with moderate-to-severe active thyroid eye disease (TED).

Methods: Patients with active and moderate-to-severe TED who did not respond to conventional therapies were treated with TCZ from June 2019 to January 2021. The medical records of the patients were evaluated before the treatment.

A Case of Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation With Elevated Anti-Mumps Immunoglobulin M Antibody.

A 21-year-old female presented with periocular swelling, diplopia, and painful ophthalmoplegia in the OS. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging revealed an enhanced soft tissue mass involving the left medial rectus muscle. Laboratory test results revealed leukocytosis, elevated reactive C-reactive protein, and positive serum levels of anti-mumps immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody without systemic manifestations of mumps infection.

Orbital Liposarcoma Progression From a Well-Differentiated to a Dedifferentiated Type in a Young Patient.

A young male patient presented with unilateral proptosis of the left eye. Laboratory tests and an initial computed tomography scan of the orbit were compatible with euthyroid orbitopathy. He subsequently underwent decompression surgery for unfavorable cosmesis and corneal exposure symptoms with good results, but returned 1 year later for recurrence of proptosis.

Early response to intravenous methylprednisolone therapy for restrictive myopathy in patients with thyroid eye disease.

Purpose: To report the therapeutic efficacy of intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) in patients with restrictive myopathy caused by thyroid eye disease (TED).

Methods: The present prospective uncontrolled study comprised 28 patients with TED and restrictive myopathy who presented with diplopia that had developed within 6 months before their visit. All patients were treated with IVMP for 12 weeks.

Hyaluronic acid gel injection for dysthyroid upper eyelid retraction in Asian patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injection in the management of upper eyelid retraction (UER) in thyroid eye disease (TED).

Methods: Retrospective interventional series of all patients with TED who had undergone HA injection, from February 2011 to April 2013 by a single surgeon (Y-DK) in a tertiary medical institution. Outcome measures: Mean margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) pre- and post-filler.

Longitudinal association of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin levels with clinical characteristics in thyroid eye disease.

Objectives: The clinical course of thyroid eye disease (TED) is heterogeneous and predicting patients who may develop the severe sequelae of the disease is difficult. In this study, we evaluated the longitudinal association between changes in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibody (TRAb) levels and course of disease activity and severity over time.

Design: This was a multicentre, prospective, observational study.

Combined endoscopic endonasal and transorbital multiportal approach for complex skull base lesions involving multiple compartments.

Purpose: This study defines the specific areas that connect the surgical corridors of the endoscopic endonasal (EEA) and transorbital approach (TOA) to identify adequate clinical applications and perspectives of this combined multiportal approach.

Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent combined EEA and TOA procedures for various pathologies involving multiple compartments of the skull base were enrolled.

Results: A total of eight patients (2 chondrosarcomas, 2 meningiomas, 2 schwannomas, 1 glioma, and 1 traumatic optic neuropathy) were included between August 2016 and April 2021.

Orbito-cranial schwannoma-a multicentre experience.

Objectives: To describe the features, management approaches, and outcomes of orbito-cranial schwannomas.

Methods: Retrospective review of ten patients with orbito-cranial schwannomas managed in six orbital services over 22 years. Data collected included demographics, presenting features, neuroimaging characteristics, histology, management approach, complications, and outcomes.

Endoscopic endonasal and transorbital approaches to petrous apex lesions.

Objective: The petrous apex (PA) is one of the most challenging areas in skull base surgery because it is surrounded by numerous critical neurovascular structures. The authors analyzed the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) and transorbital approach (TOA) procedures for lesions involving PA to determine the perspectives and proper applications of these two approaches.

Methods: The authors included patients younger than 80 years with lesions involving PA who were treated between May 2015 and December 2019 and had regular follow-up MR images available for analysis.

Prognostic factors of restrictive myopathy in thyroid eye disease.

To investigate the prognostic factors of extraocular muscle restriction in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED), 65 patients with TED and restrictive myopathy were evaluated. Demographics, clinical activity score (CAS), smoking status, thyroid disease status, thyroid hormone status, thyroid autoantibody status, orbital computed tomography (CT) scan at initial presentation, and treatment regimens were assessed. The movements of the most severely affected extraocular muscles were categorized into five grades.

Clinical Outcomes of IgG4-Related Ophthalmic Disease and Idiopathic Sclerosing Orbital Inflammation.

Purpose: To compare the clinical features, treatment outcomes, and prognoses of immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) and idiopathic sclerosing orbital inflammation (ISOI).

Methods: This retrospective case series included 40 and 22 biopsy-proven cases of IgG4-ROD and ISOI, respectively. The authors reviewed medical charts and images to determine the clinical presentation, involvement pattern, and treatment outcomes.

Orbital decompressive effect of endoscopic transorbital surgery for sphenoorbital meningioma.

Purpose: This study was aimed at evaluating the orbital decompressive effect of endoscopic transorbital approach (TOA) in the management of sphenoorbital meningioma involving the orbit.

Methods: Patients treated with TOA for this tumor from December 2016 to December 2019 were included, and the data were reviewed. Pre- and postoperative clinical and imaging findings were compared with a volumetric study.

Use of endoscopic transorbital and endonasal approaches for 360° circumferential access to orbital tumors.

Objective: Orbital tumors are often surgically challenging because they require an extensive fronto-temporo-orbital zygomatic approach (FTOZ) and a multidisciplinary team approach to provide the best outcomes. Recently, minimally invasive endoscopic techniques via a transorbital superior eyelid approach (ETOA) or endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) have been proposed as viable alternatives to transcranial approaches for orbital tumors. In this study, the authors investigated the feasibility of 360° circumferential access to orbital tumors via both ETOA and EEA.

Stereotactic radiosurgery for orbital cavernous venous malformation: a single center's experience for 15 years.

Background: Stereotactic radiosurgery such as Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has been shown to have a good treatment effect for orbital cavernous venous malformation (CVM). However, radiation-induced retinopathy or optic neuropathy is a vision-threatening complication of orbital irradiation. Predicting the post-treatment visual outcome is critical.