Machine Learning-Based Sample Misidentification Error Detection in Clinical Laboratory Tests: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

Background: In clinical laboratories, the precision and sensitivity of autoverification technologies are crucial for ensuring reliable diagnostics. Conventional methods have limited sensitivity and applicability, making error detection challenging and reducing laboratory efficiency. This study introduces a machine learning (ML)-based autoverification technology to enhance tumor marker test error detection.

Delta check limits for thyroid function tests adjusted for clinical settings.

Background: This study aimed to determine practical delta check limits (DCLs) for thyroid function tests (TFTs) to detect sample misidentifications across various clinical settings.

Methods: Between 2020 and 2022, 610,437 paired TFT results were collected from six university hospitals. The absolute DCL (absDCL) was determined using the 95th percentile for each clinical setting from a random 60 % of the total data.

Temporal Trends in Syphilis Incidence among Men with HIV in Busan, Korea, 2005-2022: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

We aimed to assess the temporal trends of incident syphilis and its associated risk factors among men with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) in Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of men with HIV attending an HIV clinic in Korea between 2005 and 2022. Of 767 men with HIV, 499 were included and contributed 3220 person-years (PY) of the observation period.

Current Status of Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping of Hematolymphoid Neoplasms in Korea.

Background: Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of hematolymphoid neoplasms (FCI-HLN) is essential for diagnosis, classification, and minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring. FCI-HLN is typically performed using in-house protocols, raising the need for standardization. Therefore, we surveyed the current status of FCI-HLN in Korea to obtain fundamental data for quality improvement and standardization.

Machine learning-based delta check method for detecting misidentification errors in tumor marker tests.

Objectives: Misidentification errors in tumor marker tests can lead to serious diagnostic and treatment errors. This study aims to develop a method for detecting these errors using a machine learning (ML)-based delta check approach, overcoming limitations of conventional methods.

Methods: We analyzed five tumor marker test results: alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA).

The novel HLA-A*30:01:25 allele found in a Korean hematopoietic stem cell recipient.

The novel HLA-A*30:01:25 allele differs from HLA-A*30:01:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution located within exon 2, codon 1.

Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia 7 with Novel Compound Heterozygous Variants of in a Boy with Micropenis, Developmental Delay, and Ataxia: The First Korean Case Report.

Pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by hypoplasia of the pons and cerebellum and global developmental delay. Among several PCH types, PCH7 is a characteristic type that manifests with not only brain lesions but also sexual developmental disorders. The causative gene, , encodes a protein involved in small ribonucleic acid maturation and processing.

Association between anti-endothelial antigen antibodies and allograft rejection in kidney transplantation.

Background: Endothelial cells are vital in the transplant immune system as semiprofessional antigen-presenting cells. Few studies have investigated the importance of anti-endothelin subtype A receptor (ETAR) antibodies in kidney transplantation. Here, we aimed to analyze the association between anti-angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) and anti-ETAR antibodies and the association between the presence of anti-endothelial antibodies and the risk of allograft rejection in kidney transplantation.

Initial Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Endothelial Activation Are Associated with Hemorrhagic Complications during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Studies on inflammatory markers, endothelial activation, and bleeding during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are lacking. Blood samples were prospectively collected after ECMO initiation from 150 adult patients who underwent ECMO for respiratory failure between 2018 and 2021. After excluding patients who died early (within 48 h), 132 patients were finally included.

Pre-transfusion Testing Using Crossmatching Agglutination Reaction Grades Combined With Rh Subgroup Phenotyping in Patients With Autoantibodies: A Three-year Experience at a Tertiary Hospital.

Background: The currently recommended pre-transfusion testing techniques for patients with autoantibodies are complex, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. Therefore, although the red blood cell (RBC) selection method using crossmatched RBC agglutination reaction grades (i.e.

Practical delta check limits for tumour markers in different clinical settings.

Objectives: Few studies have reported on delta checks for tumour markers, even though these markers are often evaluated serially. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a practical delta check limit in different clinical settings for five tumour markers: alpha-fetoprotein, cancer antigen 19-9, cancer antigen 125, carcinoembryonic antigen, and prostate-specific antigen.

Methods: Pairs of patients' results (current and previous) for five tumour markers between 2020 and 2021 were retrospectively collected from three university hospitals.

The Discrepancy between Preoperative Tumor Markers and Imaging Outcomes in Predicting Ovarian Malignancy.

Preoperative tumor markers and imaging often differ in predicting whether an ovarian tumor is malignant. Therefore, we evaluated the correlation between the predictive values of imaging and tumor markers for diagnosing ovarian tumors, especially when there were discrepancies between the two. We enrolled 1047 patients with ovarian tumors.

Immunosuppressant and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Antibody Response After Lung Transplantation.

Background: There are insufficient reports on the immunogenicity and safety of the COVID-19 vaccination after lung transplantation in Korea.

Methods: Between April and September 2021, lung transplant recipients (n = 52) and healthy controls (n = 22) underwent vaccination. The levels of antibodies were assessed prospectively at 4 weeks after priming and second dose.

The novel HLA-DRB1*01:129 allele identified in a kidney transplant recipient.

HLA-DRB1*01:129 differs from HLA-DRB1*01:01:01:01 by one nucleotide in codon 216.

Sample collection for pre-transfusion crossmatching: Benefits of using an electronic identification system.

Background: Transfusion of ABO blood group-mismatched blood or administration to the wrong recipient may result in fatal adverse events. To prevent these types of errors, various strategies have been employed. Recently, we developed a novel sample collection workflow for the pre-transfusion crossmatching test and patient recognition.

Effects of Different Centrifugation Protocols on the Detection of EGFR Mutations in Plasma Cell-Free DNA.

Objectives: Various preanalytical factors, including the collection tube, storage conditions, and centrifugation, affect the detection results of plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA). We compared the effect of different centrifugation protocols on the detection of EGFR mutations in cfDNA.

Methods: We analyzed 117 plasma specimens from 110 patients with non-small cell lung cancer using the cobas EGFR Mutation Test v2 (Roche Diagnostics).

Immunogenicity after Second ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) Vaccination According to the Individual Reactogenicity, Health Status and Lifestyle.

The immune-acquired responses after vaccination vary depending on the type of vaccine and the individual. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the acquisition of immunity and the side effects, health status, and lifestyle after completion of the second dose of AZD1222. Blood samples were collected after a second dose of AZD1222.

Perceptions and Experiences of Migrants in Korea Regarding Blood Donation in Association with Sociodemographic Status.

Background: With increasing number of migrants in Korea, there is an increasing need for blood products with rare blood antigens. Accordingly, the role of blood donors among migrants has been acknowledged. We investigated migrants' experiences and perceptions of blood donation along with their sociodemographic status and identified the effects on self-reported blood donation status.

Red Blood Cell Transfusion Volumes According to AIMS65 Scores in Patients with Peptic Ulcer Bleeding.

Objective: Fluid supplementation and red blood cell (RBC) transfusions form first-line management strategies to maintain circulating blood volumes in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). In this study, we aimed to analyze the utility of the AIMS65 score in predicting the volume of RBC transfusion required in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers.

Methods: In this single-center, retrospective study, the data of patients admitted between January 2019 and December 2019 with suspected UGIB were retrospectively reviewed.

Epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis for non-B subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Busan, Korea.

Recent data on non-B subtypes' epidemiology among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in Korea are lacking. We aimed to assess the changing trends in the epidemiology of non-B subtypes of HIV-1 in Korea using phyloepidemiological analyses. We analyzed the demographic records and sequencing data obtained from genotypic drug resistance tests between 2005 and 2019 from 517 patients infected with HIV attending a tertiary care hospital in Busan, Korea.

Comparison of Serologic Response of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Using 8 Immunoassays.

Background: In Korea, there were issues regarding the use of immunoassays for anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies to detect infection. So, we compared antibody results of eight kinds of commercial immunoassays using clinical remnant specimens.

Methods: We compared the results of several immunoassay kits tested on 40 serum samples from 15 confirmed patients and 86 remnant serum samples from clinical laboratory.

Prognostic Impact of Peripheral Blood T-Cell Subsets at the Time of Diagnosis on Survival in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Introduction: The effects of lymphocyte subtypes, including helper (Th), natural killer (NK), and regulatory (Treg) cells, and other T-cell subtypes on treatment outcomes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients are not clearly established.

Methods: Among 151 consecutive patients diagnosed with DLBCL, we collected peripheral blood samples at diagnosis from 91 patients who received at least 1 cycle of R-CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone plus rituximab) chemotherapy and analyzed lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry.

Results: DLBCL patients had a higher proportion of CD4+CD25+ Treg (p < 0.