Generative Adversarial Network-Based Image Conversion Among Different Computed Tomography Protocols and Vendors: Effects on Accuracy and Variability in Quantifying Regional Disease Patterns of Interstitial Lung Disease.

Objective: To assess whether computed tomography (CT) conversion across different scan parameters and manufacturers using a routable generative adversarial network (RouteGAN) can improve the accuracy and variability in quantifying interstitial lung disease (ILD) using a deep learning-based automated software.

Materials And Methods: This study included patients with ILD who underwent thin-section CT. Unmatched CT images obtained using scanners from four manufacturers (vendors A-D), standard- or low-radiation doses, and sharp or medium kernels were classified into groups 1-7 according to acquisition conditions.

Relationships Between High-Resolution Computed Tomographic Features and Lung Function Trajectory in Patients With Asthma.

Purpose: A subset of asthmatics suffers from persistent airflow limitation, known as remodeled asthma, despite optimal treatment. Typical quantitative scoring methods to evaluate structural changes of airway remodeling on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) are time-consuming and laborious. Thus, easier and simpler methods are required in clinical practice.

Epidural abscess formation after chemoradiation therapy for esophageal cancer: A case report and literature review.

Rationale: Esophageal cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide; the treatments vary according to the stage at diagnosis. Advanced esophageal cancer is usually treated by concurrent chemoradiation which is associated with complications including esophagitis, esophageal stricture or perforation, radiation pneumonitis, and/or cardiac toxicity. Herein, we describe epidural abscess, which is a very rare but severe complication that can occur after concurrent chemoradiation therapy for advanced esophageal cancer.

Effectiveness of radiologist training in improving reader agreement for Lung-RADS 4X categorization.

Objectives: To identify the agreement on Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System 4X categorization between radiologists and an expert-adjudicated reference standard and to investigate whether training led to improvement of the agreement measures and diagnostic potential for lung cancer.

Methods: Category 4 nodules in the Korean Lung Cancer Screening Project were identified retrospectively, and each 4X nodule was matched with one 4A or 4B nodule. An expert panel re-evaluated the categories and determined the reference standard.

Diagnostic Accuracy of CT-Guided Core Needle Biopsy for Thin-Walled Cavitary Pulmonary Lesions.

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the accuracy of and complications with CT-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (CNB) of thin-walled cavitary pulmonary lesions. This retrospective study involved 32 CNBs in 30 patients who had thin-walled cavitary pulmonary lesions (wall thickness < 5 mm) and underwent CT-guided CNB. After the 30 patient records were evaluated for the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of CT-guided CNB, the results were compared with the final diagnosis after surgery or clinical follow-up.

Extravalidation and reproducibility results of a commercial deep learning-based automatic detection algorithm for pulmonary nodules on chest radiographs at tertiary hospital.

Introduction: To extra validate and evaluate the reproducibility of a commercial deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) algorithm for pulmonary nodules on chest radiographs (CRs) and to compare its performance with radiologists.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 434 CRs (normal to abnormal ratio, 246:188) from 378 patients that visited a tertiary hospital. DCNN performance was compared with two radiology residents and two thoracic radiologists.

Intralobar pulmonary sequestration with cystic degeneration mimicking a bronchogenic cyst in an elderly patient: A case report and literature review.

Introduction: Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is a rare congenital malformation defined as nonfunctioning lung tissue supplied by systemic circulation. It is uncommonly diagnosed in adults. Herein, we describe a clinical case of PS with cystic degeneration mimicking a bronchogenic cyst in an elderly patient.

Myocardial CT perfusion imaging for pre- and postoperative evaluation of myocardial ischemia in a patient with myocardial bridging: A case report.

Rationale: Although myocardial bridging (MB) is usually considered as benign, initial medical therapy and following surgical treatment in drug-refractory cases has been widely accepted for managing symptomatic MB. Before the patient proceeds to percutaneous or surgical intervention, however, the presence of objective ischemia in the corresponding myocardial territory should be documented.

Patient Concern And Intervention: We herein report a 43-year-old male complaining of chest pain in whom cardiac CT with myocardial perfusion (cCTP) showed an MB of left anterior descending artery (LAD) with preoperative perfusion defect in corresponding myocardium and normalization of perfusion after supra-arterial myotomy.

The Impact of Iterative Reconstruction in Low-Dose Computed Tomography on the Evaluation of Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of iterative reconstruction (IR) on the assessment of diffuse interstitial lung disease (DILD) using CT.

Materials And Methods: An American College of Radiology (ACR) phantom (module 4 to assess spatial resolution) was scanned with 10-100 effective mAs at 120 kVp. The images were reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP), adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR), with blending ratios of 0%, 30%, 70% and 100%, and model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR), and their spatial resolution was objectively assessed by the line pair structure method.

Single nodular opacity of granulomatous pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in an asymptomatic lymphoma patient.

The radiologic findings of a single nodule from Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) have been rarely reported. We described a case of granulomatous PJP manifesting as a solitary pulmonary nodule with a halo sign in a 69-year-old woman with diffuse large B cell lymphoma during chemotherapy. The radiologic appearance of the patient suggested an infectious lesion such as angioinvasive pulmonary aspergillosis or lymphoma involvement of the lung; however, clinical manifestations were not compatible with the diseases.

Low-dose CT screening in an Asian population with diverse risk for lung cancer: A retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of low-dose CT (LDCT) screening for lung cancer (LCA) detection in an Asian population with diverse risks for LCA.

Materials And Methods: LCA screening was performed in 12,427 symptomless Asian subjects using either LDCT (5,771) or chest radiography (CXR) (6,656) in a non-trial setting. Subjects were divided into high-risk and non-high-risk groups.

Ultra-Low-Dose Chest CT in Patients with Neutropenic Fever and Hematologic Malignancy: Image Quality and Its Diagnostic Performance.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the image quality of ultra-low-dose computed tomography (ULDCT) and its diagnostic performance in making a specific diagnosis of pneumonia in febrile neutropenic patients with hematological malignancy.

Materials And Methods: ULDCT was performed prospectively in 207 febrile neutropenic patients with hematological malignancy. Three observers independently recorded the presence of lung parenchymal abnormality, and also indicated the cause of the lung parenchymal abnormality between infectious and noninfectious causes.

Subcentimeter lung nodules stable for 2 years at LDCT: long-term follow-up using volumetry.

Background And Objective: Subcentimeter nodules without change in size during long-term follow-up period (for minimum 2 years) are assumed as benign lesions. However, the 2-year stability rule has not been fully verified so far and is still questionable. Thus, we aimed to retrospectively investigate long-term follow-up results for 2-year stable subcentimeter nodules at screening low-dose computed tomography (LDCT).

Interpretation of digital chest radiographs: comparison of light emitting diode versus cold cathode fluorescent lamp backlit monitors.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance of light emitting diode (LED) backlight monitors and cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) monitors for the interpretation of digital chest radiographs.

Materials And Methods: We selected 130 chest radiographs from health screening patients. The soft copy image data were randomly sorted and displayed on a 3.

Diffusion-weighted MRI for distinguishing non-neoplastic cysts from solid masses in the mediastinum: problem-solving in mediastinal masses of indeterminate internal characteristics on CT.

Objectives: To evaluate the usefulness of diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance images for distinguishing non-neoplastic cysts from solid masses of indeterminate internal characteristics on computed tomography (CT) in the mediastinum.

Methods: We enrolled 25 patients with pathologically proved mediastinal masses who underwent both thoracic CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). MRI was performed in patients with mediastinal masses of indeterminate internal characteristics on CT.

Diagnostic criterion to distinguish between incomplete and complete discoid lateral meniscus on MRI.

Purpose: To determine a new cutoff value that can further distinguish between the incomplete and complete discoid lateral meniscus (DLM).

Materials And Methods: Twenty-one cases of incomplete DLM and 42 cases of complete DLM without tear were included. In all, 105 patients with normal lateral menisci were included as a control group.

MR staging accuracy for endometrial cancer based on the new FIGO stage.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been frequently used to determine a preoperative treatment plan for gynecologic cancers. However, the MR accuracy for staging an endometrial cancer is not satisfactory based on the old FIGO staging system.

Purpose: To evaluate MR accuracy for staging endometrial cancer using the new FIGO staging system.

Quantitative computed tomographic indexes in diffuse interstitial lung disease: correlation with physiologic tests and computed tomography visual scores.

Purpose: To assess the correlation among quantitative indexes of computed tomography (CT), spirometric pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and visual scores (VSs) of CT in patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease (DILD) and to prove the estimated value of CT quantification for the prediction of the possibility of pulmonary function impairment.

Methods And Materials: A total of 157 patients (male to female ratio, 96:61; mean age, 63 ± 11 years) with DILD were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent volume thin-section CT in the supine position at full inspiration.