Retinal degenerative disorders, including age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa (RP), are characterized by the irreversible loss of photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells; however, the long-term effect of implanting both human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived RPE and photoreceptor for retinal regeneration has not yet been investigated. In this study, we evaluated the long-term effects of hiPSC-derived RPE and photoreceptor cell transplantation in Pde6b knockout rats to study RP; cells were injected into the subretinal space of the right eyes of rats before the appearance of signs of retinal degeneration at 2-3 weeks of age. Ten months after transplantation, we evaluated the cells using fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, and histological evaluation, and no abnormal cell proliferation was observed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFV-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA), which mediates immune evasion in cancer, is mainly expressed on hematopoietic cells and myeloid cells in the tumor. We evaluated correlations among the expression of VISTA, the myeloid-derived suppressor cell marker CD33, and programmed death-1 (PD-1), and determined their relationships with clinicopathological characteristics and disease outcomes in melanoma. Diagnostic tissue from 136 cases of melanoma was evaluated by immunohistochemistry for CD33, VISTA, and PD-1 expression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Lymphocyte-activating gene 3 (LAG-3) and T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (TIGIT) domains are emerging checkpoint proteins.
Objective: We evaluated LAG-3 and TIGIT protein expression patterns, correlated these patterns with programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) protein expression, and determined their effects on clinicopathologic characteristics and biologic responses in melanoma.
Methods: Diagnostic tissue from 124 patients with melanoma were evaluated for LAG-3, TIGIT, and PD-1 expression by immunohistochemistry.
A novel multiplex real-time PCR approach (Anyplex II RV16 [RV16]; Seegene, South Korea) was compared with a multiplex endpoint PCR kit (Seeplex RV15 ACE detection kit [RV15]; Seegene) and a liquid bead-based assay (xTAG respiratory viral panel [xTAG]; Abbott, United States). Of nasopharyngeal swabs or aspirates and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples submitted for RV15 testing, 199 retrospectively collected positive specimens and 283 prospectively collected specimens were further tested with RV16 and xTAG. A true-positive result was defined as a positive result from all three methods or RV16 and xTAG or RV15 and xTAG.
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