Topographic Analysis of the Periorbital Region Including Orbicularis Oculi Muscle Based on Ultrasonography Interpretation.

Objective: Ultrasonographic examination is easy, fast, safe, and used in various fields; however, its application to the facial area has been limited. Complex anatomical structures are mixed within thin, soft tissues in the facial region; therefore, understanding their structural characteristics is crucial. This study aimed to use ultrasonography to obtain information on the layered structure and soft tissue thickness of the eye area around the orbicularis oculi muscle and provide guidance for clinical practice.

Contemporary Microbiological Challenges in Pediatric Dentistry.

Knowledge of microbiology-related issues in dentistry is fundamental to clinical practice and patient care. The purpose of this literature review is to comprehensively describe the roles microbes play in pediatric dental practice, with a special focus on eight continuing and emerging microbiological issues related to waterline safety, dental material contamination, effects of oral bacteria on systemic health, antibiotic resistance, continuing COVID-19 findings and risks associated with animal-assisted therapies. Key points are highlighted on each topic, with current reports demonstrating microbial impacts on human health and clinical settings.

Analysis of the diet, weight-loss behavior, and nutritional knowledge of athletes and coaches in weightclass sports: influence of a coach's nutritional knowledge on athletes.

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional knowledge of elite athletes undergoing weight loss and to identify differences in weight-loss strategies according to nutritional knowledge.

Methods: The participants included 22 coaches and 88 elite athletes registered under the same affiliation. The survey involved translating the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ), and interviews were used to confirm the diet and weight loss patterns of the athletes.

Analysis of the relationship between body imbalance characteristics and physical ability in air force cadets: physical function and gravity acceleration resistance.

Air Force pilots and some athletes (e.g., in sledding sports) are frequently exposed to high G-forces.

Physical strength, body composition, and G-test results of air force cadets based on nutrition knowledge differences.

The Gravitational Acceleration Test (G-test) is a demanding, and sophisticated high-intensity physical activity, greatly influenced by individual body composition and physical strength. This study analyzed the general nutrition knowledge questionnaire (GNKQ) responses of Air Force cadets to identify the relationship between nutrition knowledge, body composition, physical activity, physical strength, and gravity-induced loss of consciousness. Based on the G-test results, 105 fourth-year Air Force cadets were divided into two groups: GP (G-test pass group) and GF (G-test fail group).

Novel Ultrasound-guided Injection Method for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Based on Anatomical Features: A Cadaveric Study.

Background: Despite the positive effect of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections in thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) treatment, there is insufficient anatomical evidence of its use in the anterior scalene (AS) and middle scalene (MS) muscles.

Objectives: This study aimed to provide safer and more effective guidelines for the injection of botulinum neurotoxin into scalene muscles for the treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome.

Study Design: The study was based on an anatomical study and ultrasound studies.

The Deep Temporal Arteries: Anatomical Study with Application to Augmentations Procedures of the Temple.

The aim of this study was to determine the anatomical features of the deep temporal arteries (DTAs) and thereby provide clinical information for the temple augmentation procedure. Forty-two adult hemifaces from 15 Korean and 6 Thai cadavers (12 males, 9 females; mean age at death, 79.6 years) with no history of trauma or surgical procedure on the temple area were used for anatomical study.

Guidance to trigger point injection for treating myofascial pain syndrome: Intramuscular neural distribution of the quadratus lumborum.

Postural habits and repetitive motion contribute toward the progress of myofascial pain by affecting overload on specific muscles, the quadratus lumborum (QL) muscle being the most frequently involved. The therapy of myofascial pain syndrome includes the release of myofascial pain syndrome using injective agents such as botulinum neurotoxin, lidocaine, steroids, and normal saline. However, an optimal injection point has not been established for the QL muscle.

Functional relationship between the anatomical structures of the calf and athletic ability.

Calf muscle plays an important function in driving the movement of stepping on the ground and moving forward when walking or running. The Achilles tendon has been reported to be closely related to the elasticity of tendons to absorb shock and rebound and convert energy into propulsion. We wanted to determine the effect and correlation of the anatomical structure of the calf region on function.

Testing of candidate probiotics to prevent dental caries induced by Streptococcus mutans in a mouse model.

Aims: We evaluated two species of human oral commensal streptococci in protection against dental caries induced by Streptococcus mutans.

Methods And Results: Candidate probiotics, Streptococcus sp. A12, Streptococcus sanguinis BCC23 and an arginine deiminase mutant of BCC23 (∆arcADS) were tested for their ability to reduce S.

Spontaneous Mutants of Streptococcus sanguinis with Defects in the Glucose-Phosphotransferase System Show Enhanced Post-Exponential-Phase Fitness.

Genetic truncations in a gene encoding a putative glucose-phosphotransferase system (PTS) protein (, EIIAB) were identified in subpopulations of two separate laboratory stocks of Streptococcus sanguinis SK36; the mutants had reduced PTS activities on glucose and other monosaccharides. To understand the emergence of these mutants, we engineered deletion mutants of and showed that the ManL-deficient strain had improved bacterial viability in the stationary phase and was better able to inhibit the growth of the dental caries pathogen Streptococcus mutans. Transcriptional analysis and biochemical assays suggested that the mutant underwent reprograming of central carbon metabolism that directed pyruvate away from production of lactate, increasing production of hydrogen peroxide (HO) and excretion of pyruvate.

Correlation between muscle architecture and anaerobic power in athletes involved in different sports.

Athletes cultivate highly developed muscles based on their sport category, creating a body shape that matches the characteristics of that sports category. We tested the significance of the correlation between muscle development characteristics and anaerobic power in athletes to build a database for each category. Fifty-eight college athletes participated in this study.

Subgingival microbiome of deep and shallow periodontal sites in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study.

Background: Subgingival microbiome in disease-associated subgingival sites is known to be dysbiotic and significantly altered. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the extent of dysbiosis in disease- and health-associated subgingival sites is not clear.

Methods: 8 RA and 10 non-RA subjects were recruited for this pilot study.

A single system detects and protects the beneficial oral bacterium Streptococcus sp. A12 from a spectrum of antimicrobial peptides.

The commensal bacterium Streptococcus sp. A12 has multiple properties that may promote the stability of health-associated oral biofilms, including overt antagonism of the dental caries pathogen Streptococcus mutans. A LanFEG-type ABC transporter, PcfFEG, confers tolerance to the lantibiotic nisin and enhances the ability of A12 to compete against S.

Guidelines for botulinum neurotoxin injections in piriformis syndrome.

Background: The piriformis muscle is normally involved in piriformis syndrome and can be treated with botulinum neurotoxin using several different injection methods. However, definitive injection guidelines for the muscle have not been reported previously.

Aims: This study aimed to determine the ideal area for injections based on the intramuscular nerve distribution as obtained using a modified Sihler's staining technique.

Ultrasonography Analysis of Vessels Around the Forehead Midline.

Background: Filler injection into the glabella is well known to be a highly dangerous procedure due to the high risk of embolism and intravascular injection. Although it is conventional practice to insert the cannula into the middle of the forehead to perform injections into the glabella or radix, vascular structures can be observed in this region during anatomic dissection procedures.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize the blood vessels around the forehead midline in order to provide crucial anatomic information for ensuring the safety of noninvasive procedures involving the forehead and glabella.

Colonization with Candidate Oral Probiotics Attenuates Colonization and Virulence of .

A collection of 113 strains from supragingival dental plaque of caries-free individuals were recently tested for direct antagonism of the dental caries pathogen , and for their capacity for arginine catabolism via the arginine deiminase system (ADS). To advance their evaluation as potential probiotics, twelve strains of commensal oral streptococci with various antagonistic and ADS potentials were assessed in a mouse model for oral (i.e.

Direct interactions with commensal streptococci modify intercellular communication behaviors of Streptococcus mutans.

The formation of dental caries is a complex process that ultimately leads to damage of the tooth enamel from acids produced by microbes in attached biofilms. The bacterial interactions occurring within these biofilms between cariogenic bacteria, such as the mutans streptococci, and health-associated commensal streptococci, are thought to be critical determinants of health and disease. To better understand these interactions, a Streptococcus mutans reporter strain that actively monitors cell-cell communication via peptide signaling was cocultured with different commensal streptococci.

Effective botulinum neurotoxin injection in treating iliopsoas spasticity.

Introduction: To detect ideal locations for botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection by exploring the intramuscular nerve arborization of the psoas major and iliacus muscles.

Method: A modified Sihler's method was performed on the psoas major and iliacus muscles (16 specimens each). Intramuscular nerve arborization was recorded according to the most prominent point of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS), the lesser trochanter (LT), and the transverse process of the 12th thoracic vertebra.

Anatomical Considerations When Treating Compensatory Hypertrophy of the Upper Part of the Masseter after Long-Term Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injections.

The masseter is the most targeted muscle when treating hypertrophy to produce a smooth face shape. Compensatory hypertrophy is a well known clinical sequela that occurs in botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) treatments and is limited to the lower part of the masseter. Based on the masseteric hypertrophy procedure, which targets a confined area, we predicted the possibility of compensatory hypertrophy occurring in the upper part of the masseter.

Sonographic Analysis of the Upper Labial Orbicularis Oris and Its Clinical Implications.

Background: Purse string lips, which include the vertical wrinkles over the lips, are frequently observed in aged individuals. Botulinum toxin and fillers are routinely injected into these areas to remove the wrinkles; however, the anatomy of the orbicularis oris muscle (OOr) near the vermilion border area has not been well defined.

Objectives: The aim of this study was therefore to identify any morphological differences of the upper OOr via sonographic imaging.

Ultrasonographic and Three-Dimensional Analyses at the Glabella and Radix of the Nose for Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection Procedures into the Procerus Muscle.

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections are widely used for facial rejuvenation procedures, and the procerus muscle is a major target in cases of glabellar transverse lines or rhytids. Although there have been many cadaveric studies of the procerus, its depth and thickness have not been investigated thoroughly. The aim of this study was to measure the depth and thickness of the procerus and identify the location of the intercanthal vein using ultrasonographic (US) imaging and the three-dimensional scanning method, which is needed to know to avoid side effects during BoNT injections.

Outcomes of Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients with Atrial Fibrillation or Flutter.

Introduction: Hemorrhagic stroke is a life-threatening complication, and may be particularly prevalent in patients with atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) due to their need for anticoagulation. We sought to estimate in-hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS) and in-patient treatment cost of patients with AF/AFL admitted with hemorrhagic stroke.

Methods: We used the 2008-2011 National Inpatient Sample to identify adult AF/AFL patients with a principle discharge diagnosis of subarachnoid or intracerebral hemorrhage.