Plasma C-Peptide Levels and the Continuous Glucose Monitoring-Defined Coefficient of Variation in Risk Prediction for Hypoglycemia in Korean People with Diabetes Having Normal and Impaired Kidney Function.

Background: We aimed to investigate the predictive values of plasma C-peptide levels and the continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-defined coefficient of variation (CV) in risk prediction for hypoglycemia in Korean people with diabetes with normal and impaired kidney function.

Methods: We analyzed data from 1,185 participants diagnosed with type 1 and type 2 diabetes who underwent blinded professional CGM between January 2009 and May 2021 at outpatient clinics. We explored correlations among CGM-defined CV, plasma C-peptide levels, and time below range at <70 and 54 mg/dL across different kidney function categories.

Time to Insulin Therapy and Severe Hypoglycemia in Korean Adults Initially Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Study.

Background: We examined the distribution of time to insulin therapy (TIT) post-diabetes diagnosis and the hazard of severe hypoglycemia (SH) according to TIT in Korean adults initially diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and who progressed to insulin therapy.

Methods: Using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (2002 to 2018), we selected adult incident insulin users (initially diagnosed as T2D) who underwent health examinations between 2009 and 2012. The hazards of SH, recurrent SH, and problematic hypoglycemia were analyzed according to groups categorized using the TIT and clinical risk factors for SH (TIT ≥5 years with risk factors, TIT ≥5 years without risk factors, 3 ≤TIT <5 years, 1 ≤TIT <3 years, and TIT <1 year).

Is early use of sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) necessary even in diabetic patients without cardiovascular disease: a prospective study regarding the effect of SGLT2i on left ventricular diastolic function.

Background: There are insufficient studies to determine whether sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) will help reduce early diabetic cardiomyopathy, especially in patients without documented cardiovascular disease.

Methods: We performed a single center, prospective observation study. A total of 90 patients with type 2 diabetes patients without established heart failure or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease were enrolled.

Impact of mental disorders on the all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease outcomes in adults with new-onset type 1 diabetes: A nationwide cohort study.

Aims: This population-based study aimed to investigate the impact of mental disorders on the risk of mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes in adults with new-onset type 1 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: We included 17,429 patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes without CVD from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Mental disorders include depression, bipolar, persistent affective and other affective disorders, anxiety, eating disorders, personality and behavioral disorders, and substance abuse.

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality.

Backgruound: Given the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic risks, a new term, metabolic dysfunction- associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has been proposed. We aimed to explore the association between MASLD and all-cause, cause-specific mortalities.

Methods: We included individuals with steatotic liver disease (SLD) from the Korean National Health Insurance Service.

Association between gastrectomy and the risk of type 2 diabetes in gastric cancer survivors: A nationwide cohort study.

Aim: Postprandial glycemic fluctuations after gastrectomy are seen in patients with gastric cancer but, no studies have investigated the association between gastrectomy and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in gastric cancer survivors. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between gastrectomy (total or subtotal) and incident T2DM. In addition, we explored whether vitamin B12 supplementation modulates this risk among patients who have undergone total gastrectomy.

Effect of Pravastatin on Kidney Function in Patients with Dyslipidemia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study.

Introduction: Several studies have reported that pravastatin can mitigate the progression of kidney disease, but limited evidence exists regarding its effects on kidney function in Asian patients. This multicenter prospective observational study aimed to assess the effect of pravastatin on kidney function in Korean patients with dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in clinical practice.

Methods: This 48-week prospective multicenter study included 2604 of 2997 eligible patients with dyslipidemia and T2DM who had available estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measurements.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and heavy alcohol consumption increase mortality:A nationwide study.

Background: The effects of excessive alcohol consumption on the prognosis of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) remain unclear. We investigated all-cause and cause-specific mortality according to the amount of alcohol consumed by Asian individuals with MAFLD.

Methods: This nationwide retrospective study included 996,508 adults aged 40-79 years who underwent health check-ups between 2009 and 2012.

A randomized controlled trial of an app-based intervention on physical activity and glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes.

Background: We investigated the effects of a physical activity encouragement intervention based on a smartphone personal health record (PHR) application (app) on step count increases, glycemic control, and body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: In this 12-week, single-center, randomized controlled, 12-week extension study, patients with T2D who were overweight or obese were randomized using ratio 1:2 to a group using a smartphone PHR app (control group) or group using the app and received individualized motivational text messages (intervention group) for 12 weeks. During the extension period, the sending of the encouraging text messages to the intervention group was discontinued.

Clinical Characteristics, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor (TSH PitNET): A Single-Center Experience.

Backgruound: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (TSH PitNET) is a rare subtype of PitNET. We investigated the comprehensive characteristics and outcomes of TSH PitNET cases from a single medical center. Also, we compared diagnostic methods to determine which showed superior sensitivity.

Real-World Treatment Patterns according to Clinical Practice Guidelines in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Established Cardiovascular Disease in Korea: Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study.

Backgruound: Recent diabetes management guidelines recommend that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) or glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) with proven cardiovascular benefits should be prioritized for combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and established cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study was aimed at evaluating SGLT2i or GLP-1RA usage rates and various related factors in patients with T2DM and established CVD.

Methods: We enrolled adults with T2DM aged ≥30 years who were hospitalized due to established CVD from January 2019 to May 2020 at 13 secondary and tertiary hospitals in Korea in this retrospective observational study.

Bipolar disorder and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, heart failure, and all-cause mortality: a population-based matched cohort study in South Korea.

The association of bipolar disorder (BD) with the risk of cardiometabolic diseases and premature death in Asians needs to be further determined. Relatively less attention has been paid to heart failure (HF) among cardiometabolic outcomes. We analyzed the Korean National Health Insurance Service database (2002-2018) for this population-based, matched cohort study.

A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Study to Compare the Effects of Gemigliptin Add-on or Escalation of Metformin Dose on Glycemic Control and Safety in Patients with Inadequately Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Metformin and SGLT-2 Inhibitors (SO GOOD Study).

Background: We aimed to compare efficacy and safety between gemigliptin add-on and escalation of the metformin dose in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) despite treatment with metformin and SGLT2 inhibitors.

Methods: This study was a multicenter, randomized, open-label, active-controlled, parallel-group comparative study. Patients with T2DM uncontrolled on metformin and SGLT2 inhibitors were randomized to receive gemigliptin 50 mg as an add-on (GEM group, = 37) or escalation of the metformin dose (500 mg, MET group, = 38) for 24 weeks.

Psychotic Disorders and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases, and All-Cause Mortality: A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study.

Backgruound: The effects of psychotic disorders on cardiometabolic diseases and premature death need to be determined in Asian populations.

Methods: In this population-based matched cohort study, the Korean National Health Insurance Service database (2002 to 2018) was used. The risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischemic stroke, composite of all cardiometabolic diseases, and all-cause death during follow-up was compared between individuals with psychotic disorders treated with antipsychotics (n=48,162) and 1:1 matched controls without psychiatric disorders among adults without cardiometabolic diseases before or within 3 months after baseline.

Risk of Depression according to Cumulative Exposure to a Low-Household Income Status in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population- Based Study.

Backgruound: We aimed to identify the risk of incident depression according to cumulative exposure to a low-household income status in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: For this retrospective longitudinal population-based cohort study, we used Korean National Health Insurance Service data from 2002 to 2018. Risk of depression was assessed according to cumulative exposure to low-household income status (defined as Medical Aid registration) during the previous 5 years among adults (aged ≥20 years) with T2DM and without baseline depression who underwent health examinations from 2009 to 2012 (n=2,027,317).

Association between total cholesterol levels and all-cause mortality among newly diagnosed patients with cancer.

We aimed to determine the association between cholesterol values and the risk of all-cause mortality in newly diagnosed patients with cancer in a large-scale longitudinal cohort. Newly diagnosed patients with cancer were reviewed retrospectively. Cox proportional hazards regression models determined the association between baseline levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and the risk of all-cause mortality.

Depression, antidepressant use, and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a nationally representative cohort study.

Background: Previous studies have reported that depression can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, they did not sufficiently consider antidepressants or comorbidity.

Methods: The National Health Insurance Sharing Service database was used.

Increased risk of incident mental disorders in adults with new-onset type 1 diabetes diagnosed after the age of 19: A nationwide cohort study.

Aim: This population-based study aimed to investigate the risk of mental disorders in adults with new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus compared to the general population without diabetes.

Methods: We selected 10,391 adults with new-onset type 1 diabetes and 51,995 adults in the general population without diabetes with a median follow-up of 7.94 years using the National Health Insurance Database in South Korea between January 2009 and December 2020.