The potential for cascading failures in the international trade network.

In our study, we introduce indicators that quantify the influence of each country in complex trade scenarios involving the exchange of raw materials, intermediate goods, and final products across multiple countries. We systematically employ an agent-based model to simulate the propagation of failures from one node to the entire network. This approach allows for the assessment of the impact of each country and the identification of patterns of interaction in the multi-step trade network.

Who are the key players? Listeners vs spreaders vs others.

The literature on social learning examines how people learn from their neighbors and reach a consensus. The DeGroot social learning model describes the social learning process as one in which people form their opinions by taking a weighted average of their neighbors' opinions. In the model, the influence structure is represented by a single matrix.

Evolution of fairness in the divide-a-lottery game.

In this paper, we show that fairness can evolve in the divide-a-lottery game which is more general than the divide-a-dollar game by using an indirect evolutionary approach. In the divide-a-lottery game, the size of a pie is uncertain. Two players sequentially bid for a share and they get their bid if the allocation based on the bids turns out to be feasible and otherwise neither gets anything.

Correction: Navigating optimal treaty-shopping routes using a multiplex network model.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Navigating optimal treaty-shopping routes using a multiplex network model.

The international tax treaty system is a highly integrated and complex network. In this system, many multinational enterprises (MNEs) explore ways of reducing taxes by choosing optimal detour routes. Treaty abuse by these MNEs causes significant loss of tax revenues for many countries, but there is no systematic way of regulating their actions.

Electrochemical Synthesis of Glycine from Oxalic Acid and Nitrate.

In manufacturing C-N bond-containing compounds, it is an important challenge to alternate the conventional methodologies that utilize reactive substrates, toxic reagents, and organic solvents. In this study, we developed an electrochemical method to synthesize a C-N bond-containing molecule avoiding the use of cyanides and amines by harnessing nitrate (NO ) as a nitrogen source in an aqueous electrolyte. In addition, we utilized oxalic acid as a carbon source, which can be obtained from electrochemical conversion of CO Thus, our approach can provide a route for the utilization of anthropogenic CO and nitrate wastes, which cause serious environmental problems including global warming and eutrophication.

Risk factors associated with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss in pregnant South Korean women: a nationwide population-based study.

Objective: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is rare in pregnancy and can be attributed to pregnancy-induced changes in hormone levels that increase thrombogenic risk and alter cochlear microcirculation with consequent development of sudden deafness. The study aimed to analyze the risk factors associated with SSNHL in pregnant South Korean.

Methods: A retrospective study of the incidence and risk factors associated with SSNHL before pregnancy enrolled 401,470 Korean women who delivered between January 2010 and December 2014.

Pre-Pregnancy Risk Factors for Severe Hyperemesis Gravidarum: Korean Population Based Cohort Study.

Hyperemesis gravidarum is known to be associated with poor perinatal outcomes. This study aimed to identify pre-pregnancy risk factors for hospital admission in women with hyperemesis gravidarum. We enrolled women who had delivered between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2015, and had undergone a national health screening examination through the National Health Insurance Corporation 1-2 years before their first delivery.

Evaluation of maternal rhesus blood type as a risk factor in adverse pregnancy outcomes in Korea: a nationwide health insurance database study.

Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate whether pregnancy outcomes are affected by maternal rhesus (Rh) status by comparing the primigravida pregnancy outcomes of Rh-negative women with those of Rh-positive women.

Methods: The study data were collected from the Korea National Health Insurance Claims Database and the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children. In total, 1,664,882 primigravida women who gave birth between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2014, were enrolled in this study.

Association between dental caries and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Poor oral health is not only associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease but adverse pregnancy outcomes. However the influence of dental caries on pregnancy is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between dental caries and adverse pregnancy outcomes and the effect of treatment for dental caries on adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Clinical Predictors Implicated in the Incidence of Acute Pyelonephritis during the Antepartum Period: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Introduction: Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is a common infection during pregnancy that increases the risk of unfavorable maternal and fetal outcomes. However, it has not been clearly elucidated which demographic and clinical characteristics are associated with the incidence of APN during pregnancy.

Objective: This population-based cohort study aimed to determine the risk factors for APN during pregnancy.

Predicting peripartum blood transfusion: focusing on pre-pregnancy characteristics.

Background: Obstetric hemorrhage is one of the most common causes of obstetrical morbidity and mortality, and transfusion is the most important management for hemorrhage. The aim of our study was to investigate the pre-pregnancy and pregnancy risk factors for peripartum transfusion.

Methods: Women who delivered a baby from 2010 to 2014 in Korea and participated in the Korean National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children were included.

Association Between Waist Circumference and Dementia in Older Persons: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Objective: This study examined whether a positive association exists between waist circumference (WC) and dementia among older persons.

Methods: The study population comprised 872,082 participants aged 65 years and older who participated in a Korean national health screening examination between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2009. Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs for dementia during follow-up from 2009 to 2015 were calculated according to baseline BMI and WC categories.

Minimally Invasive Single-Site Cholecystectomy in Obese Patients: Laparoscopic vs. Robotic.

Purpose: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is treatment method for management of benign gallbladder diseases. Further attempts are made to operate single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the procedure remains technically difficult, especially in obese patient.

Bronchoscopic management of solitary bronchial myelolipoma: a case report.

Background: Myelolipoma is a rare benign tumor composed of mature adipose and hematopoietic tissues. Most myelolipomas are found in the adrenal glands, whereas intrathoracic myelolipoma is extremely rare. In particular, bronchial myelolipoma without the involvement of lung parenchyma has never been reported.

Clinical outcomes of radial probe endobronchial ultrasound using a guide sheath for diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions in patients with pulmonary emphysema.

Background: Generally, structural destruction of lung parenchyma, such as pulmonary emphysema, is considered to be related to the low diagnostic yields and high complication rates of lung biopsies of peripheral lung lesions. Currently, little is known about the clinical outcomes of using endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath (EBUS-GS) to diagnose peripheral lesions in patients with emphysema.

Methods: This retrospective study was performed to identify the clinical outcomes of EBUS-GS in patients with pulmonary emphysema.

Time to appropriate treatment in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in South Korea: Are we still in 2010?

Background: This study investigated the time to appropriate treatment and factors affecting late treatment initiation in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in South Korea.

Methods: Data from patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary MDR-TB who received treatment at Pusan National University Hospital (PNUH) between January 2010 and July 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups according to the first institution they visited [patients who were transferred to PNUH after diagnosis of MDR-TB (Group A) and patients who were initially diagnosed with TB at PNUH (Group B)].

Correction: Long-term effect of pregnancy-related factors on the development of endometrial neoplasia: A nationwide retrospective cohort study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Risk of Adverse Obstetric Outcomes and the Abnormal Growth of Offspring in Women with a History of Thyroid Cancer.

It is unclear whether a history of thyroid cancer is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in subsequent pregnancies. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of adverse obstetric outcomes and the abnormal growth of offspring in women with a history of thyroid cancer. This retrospective observational study used nationwide data from between 2006 and 2014 to compare pregnancy outcomes of women with a history of thyroid cancer and those with no such history.

Long-term effect of pregnancy-related factors on the development of endometrial neoplasia: A nationwide retrospective cohort study.

Objective: By identifying pregnancy-related risk factors for endometrial neoplasia, women's risk of developing this disease after childbirth can be predicted and high-risk women can be screened for early detection.

Methods: Study data from women who gave birth in Korea in 2007 were collected from the Korea National Health Insurance (KNHI) claims database between 2007 and 2015. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the development of endometrial neoplasia were estimated by multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.

Network structure reveals patterns of legal complexity in human society: The case of the Constitutional legal network.

Complexity in nature has been broadly found not only in physical and biological systems but also in social and economic systems. Although many studies have examined complex systems and helped us understand real-world complexity, the investigation to the legal complexity has not been thoroughly investigated. Here we introduce a novel approach to studying complex legal systems using complex network approaches.

Regression-Based Network Estimation for High-Dimensional Genetic Data.

Given the continuous advancement in genome sequencing technology, large volumes of gene expression data can be easily obtained. However, the corresponding increase in genetic information necessitates adoption of a new approach for network estimation. Data dimensions increase with the progress in genome sequencing technology, thereby making it difficult to estimate gene networks by causing multicollinearity.

The use of bedaquiline to treat patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and end-stage renal disease: A case report.

The use of bedaquiline to treat patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) may raise safety concerns. Currently, no clinical information is available on the use of bedaquiline to treat MDR-TB patients with ESRD. We report the use of bedaquiline to treat two patients with MDR-TB and ESRD.

Differential relationship between waist circumference and mortality according to age, sex, and body mass index in Korean with age of 30-90 years; a nationwide health insurance database study.

Background: A recent concept is that obesity, assessed by body mass index (BMI), is not always a sign of poor health. Thus, in order to use obesity metrics in clinical decision making, it is important to clarify the relationship between waist circumference (WC), a proxy for abdominal obesity, and mortality.

Methods: Data were used from 8,796,759 subjects aged between 30 and 90 years, who had participated in the Korea National Health Screening Examination between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2009 and survived at least 1 year post screening.