Cardiogenic Shock Prior to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Outcomes and Predictors of Mortality (ANZACS-QI 73).

Background & Aims: Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a serious complication of acute myocardial infarction (MI) and is associated with significant mortality. We describe a contemporary, real-world cohort of patients with ST-elevation MI (STEMI) and CS, including 30-day mortality and clinically relevant predictors of mortality.

Methods: All patients presenting with STEMI who were treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in New Zealand (2016 to 2020) were identified from the Aotearoa New Zealand All Cardiology Services Quality Improvement (ANZACS-QI) registry and stratified based on their Killip class on arrival to the cardiac catheterisation laboratory.

Regional specialization manifests in the reliability of neural population codes.

The brain has the remarkable ability to learn and guide the performance of complex tasks. Decades of lesion studies suggest that different brain regions perform specialized functions in support of complex behaviors. Yet recent large-scale studies of neural activity reveal similar patterns of activity and encoding distributed widely throughout the brain.

Spyglass: a framework for reproducible and shareable neuroscience research.

Scientific progress depends on reliable and reproducible results. Progress can also be accelerated when data are shared and re-analyzed to address new questions. Current approaches to storing and analyzing neural data typically involve bespoke formats and software that make replication, as well as the subsequent reuse of data, difficult if not impossible.

Hospitalisation during lockdown-patients' beds-eye views.

Aims: The global COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns have affected the patterns of hospital presentations for non-COVID related illnesses. Apprehension and perceived risk of hospitalisation has been postulated to be a significant deterrent to presentation. This study aims to explore pandemic- and- lockdown-related concerns with regards to hospital admission from a patient's perspective.

The impact of reducing signal acquisition specifications on neuronal spike sorting.

Measuring electrical potentials in the extracellular space of the brain is a popular technique because it can detect action potentials from putative individual neurons. Electrophysiology is undergoing a transformation where the number of recording channels, and thus number of neurons detected, is growing at a dramatic rate. This rapid scaling is paving the way for both new discoveries and commercial applications; however, as the number of channels increases there will be an increasing need to make these systems more power efficient.

Electrode pooling can boost the yield of extracellular recordings with switchable silicon probes.

State-of-the-art silicon probes for electrical recording from neurons have thousands of recording sites. However, due to volume limitations there are typically many fewer wires carrying signals off the probe, which restricts the number of channels that can be recorded simultaneously. To overcome this fundamental constraint, we propose a method called electrode pooling that uses a single wire to serve many recording sites through a set of controllable switches.

Very Elderly Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Treated With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Background: The rates of very elderly patients (≥85 years old) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are rapidly increasing. They are under-represented in clinical trials, and those who are included may not reflect the real-world population. We aim to review the clinical characteristics of very elderly patients undergoing PCI for ACS and identify factors associated with adverse outcomes.

Cu oxidation kinetics through graphene and its effect on the electrical properties of graphene.

The oxidation kinetics of Cu through graphene were evaluated from the surface coverage of Cu oxide ( ) by varying the oxidation time ( = 10-360 min) and temperature ( = 180-240 °C) under an air environment. , as a function of time, well followed the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov equation; thus, the activation energy of Cu oxidation was estimated as 1.5 eV.

The sifting of visual information in the superior colliculus.

Much of the early visual system is devoted to sifting the visual scene for the few bits of behaviorally relevant information. In the visual cortex of mammals, a hierarchical system of brain areas leads eventually to the selective encoding of important features, like faces and objects. Here, we report that a similar process occurs in the other major visual pathway, the superior colliculus.

Quantification of Etodolac in Human Plasma for Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence Studies in 27 Korean Subjects.

Objective: We developed a simple and validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry( LC-MS/MS) for quantification of etodolac using pioglitazone as an internal standard (IS) to assess pharmacokinetics and to appraise bioequivalence of two formulations of etodolac (reference and tested) in 27 healthy Korean subjects.

Methods: Isocratic mobile phase consisted of 10 mM ammonium formate and acetonitrile were used to separate the analytes on a Gemini C18 column. Also, analytes were analyzed by MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using the transitions of (M+H)+ ions, m/z 288.

Characterization of the mechanism of the NADH-dependent polysulfide reductase (Npsr) from Shewanella loihica PV-4: formation of a productive NADH-enzyme complex and its role in the general mechanism of NADH and FAD-dependent enzymes.

The NADH-dependent polysulfide reductase (Npsr) from Shewanella loihica PV-4 is a member of the single cysteine-containing subset of the family of disulfide reductases represented by glutathione reductase. We have determined the kinetics of the reductive half-reaction of the enzyme with NADH using stopped-flow spectroscopy and kinetic isotope effects, and these results indicate that the reductive and oxidative half-reactions are both partially rate-limiting for enzyme turnover. During reaction with NADH, the reduced nucleotide appears to bind rapidly in an unproductive conformation, followed by the formation of a productive E·NADH complex and subsequent electron transfer to FAD.

Characterization of an NADH-dependent persulfide reductase from Shewanella loihica PV-4: implications for the mechanism of sulfur respiration via FAD-dependent enzymes.

The NADH-dependent persulfide reductase (Npsr), a recently discovered member of the PNDOR family of flavoproteins that contains both the canonical flavoprotein reductase domain and a rhodanese domain, is proposed to be involved in the dissimilatory reduction of S(0) for Shewanella loihica PV-4. We have previously shown that polysulfide is a substrate for this enzyme, and a recently determined structure of a closely related enzyme (CoADR-Rhod from Bacillus anthracis) suggested the importance of a bound coenzyme A in the mechanism. The work described here shows that the in vivo oxidizing substrates of Npsr are the persulfides of small thiols such as CoA and glutathione.

Drug synergism of antihypertensive action in combination of telmisartan with lercanidipine in spontaneous hypertensive rats.

To examine drug synergism between angiotensin II AT1-receptor blocker and Ca(2+) channel blocker for lowering blood pressure (BP), telmisartan and lercanidipine were orally injected into to telemetered-spontaneous hypertensive rats and BP was monitored. The highest doses of both drugs (7.66 mg/kg of telmisartan and 1.

Adenosine amine congener mitigates noise-induced cochlear injury.

Hearing loss from noise exposure is a leading occupational disease, with up to 5% of the population at risk world-wide. Here, we present a novel purine-based pharmacological intervention that can ameliorate noise-induced cochlear injury. Wistar rats were exposed to narrow-band noise (8-12 kHz, 110 dB SPL, 2-24 h) to induce cochlear damage and permanent hearing loss.

Effect of electrokinetic stabilizers on the physicochemical properties of propofol emulsions.

The aims of the present study were to elucidate the potential mechanism of propofol emulsion destabilization following the addition of lidocaine, and to evaluate the effects of various electrokinetic stabilizers on the physicochemical properties of lidocaine-propofol emulsions. The assessments included pH observations and determination of the maximum globule diameter (MGD) and zeta potential (ZP). The MGD of propofol emulsions increased up to several tens mum following the addition of 50 mg of lidocaine to 200mg of propofol, and the proposed destabilization mechanism involves localization of protonated lidocaine molecules between lecithin molecules in propofol emulsions, which consequently leads to increased ZP.

High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of rabeprazole in human plasma and its pharmacokinetic application.

A simple and sensitive HPLC method for the analysis of rabeprazole in plasma is described using UV detection in the presence of lorazepam as the internal standard. Rabeprazole and lorazepam were extracted with ethyl ether and quantitated using a reverse-phase C(18) column. The method was specific as there were no interfering peaks in the human plasma eluting at the retention times of rabeprazole and lorazepam.

Application of instrumental evaluation of color for the pre-formulation and formulation of rabeprazole.

The aims of this study were to fast screen the compatibility of rabeprazole and excipients using a spectrocolorimeter and to examine the relationship between the color change value and drug contents/drug degradation products in solid dosage forms. The color change values of rabeprazole-excipient mixtures were measured using a spectrocolorimeter, with six tablet formulations compressed using a single-punch instrumental tablet press. The rabeprazole and degradation products contents in the tablets were analyzed using an HPLC method, with the color change values of the tablets measured using spectrocolorimetery for 4 weeks.

CRE-mediated transcription and COX-2 expression in the pilocarpine model of status epilepticus.

Status epilepticus (SE) triggers neuronal death, reactive gliosis and remodeling of synaptic circuitry, thus leading to profound pathological alterations in CNS physiology. These processes are, in part, regulated by the rapid upregulation of both cytotoxic and cytoprotective genes. One pathway that may couple SE to transcriptionally dependent alterations in CNS physiology is the CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein)/CRE (cAMP response element) cascade.

The effect of lidocaine on the globule size distribution of propofol emulsions.

In this study, we sought to determine the globule size distribution of a propofol/lidocaine mixture as a function of lidocaine concentration and time elapsed after mixing in a standard formulation of propofol emulsion (Diprivan) and in a new formulation containing L-lysine to improve stability. The globule size was measured with a laser diffraction technique. The median diameter of the globule size in 20 mL of Diprivan immediately after the addition of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg of lidocaine was similar to that of chylomicrons, ranging from 0.

Interspecies comparison of the oral absorption of itraconazole in laboratory animals.

The oral absorption and disposition of itraconazole were studied in rats, rabbits and dogs. Serum levels of itraconazole and its active metabolite, hydroxyitraconazole, were determined by a validated HPLC method. The absorption of itraconazole was relatively rapid in rats and dogs but was slower in rabbits.